1절 카드 ↗
As to the translation, some translate the last clause of the second verse, “That the king should not have any trouble;” but since נזק , nezek, signifies “to suffer loss,” I willingly adopt this sense; because the king did not escape trouble, through a desire for ease, as he might have done, being an old man, but he willingly managed his own affairs, and committed the care of them to three men, lest anything should be lost through passing through too many hands. For experience shews us how confusion is caused by a multitude. If there had been only there an hundred and twenty governors of provinces, many inconveniences must have happened, and much loss would have occurred; hence the king placed three prefects over these hundred and twenty. Here again we may perceive how God cared for his Prophet, not so much for any private reason or through private respect, as by his aid the wretched captives and exiles should be benefited. God wished to stretch forth his hand to the Jews by means of Daniel. And we may deservedly call him God’s hand in sustaining the Jews. The Persians, being barbarians, were not naturally more merciful than others; hence God interposed his servant Daniel to succor them. We must notice, in the context of this history, how Daniel alone was chosen by Darius one of these three superior officers. He was the third in rank under king Belshazzar, although for a moment, yet it might occasion envy under the new king that so great an honor was conferred upon him. Very probably Darius was informed of the previous predictions of Daniel; how the hand appeared upon the wall, how he interpreted the writing, and became a heaven-sent messenger to denounce destruction on king Belshazzar. For unless this rumor held reached Darius, Daniel would never have obtained so much authority under him. His own army abounded in numbers, and we know how every conqueror is surrounded in war by many dependents, all of whom wish to share in the spoil. Darius, therefore, would never have noticed a stranger and a captive, and admitted him to such great honor and power, unless he had understood him to be a known Prophet of God, and also a herald in denouncing destruction against the Babylonish monarchy. Thus we gather how providential it was for him to be among the first satraps, and even third in the kingdom, as this brought him more quickly under the notice of Darius. For if Daniel had been cast down by king Belshazzar he would have remained at home in concealment; but when he appeared clothed in royal apparel, the king inquired who he was? He heard the means of his arriving at so high an honor; hence he acknowledged him as God’s Prophet, and appointed him one of the three prefects. Here also God’s providence is again set before us, not only in preserving his servant in safety, but in providing for the safety of the whole Church, lest the Jews should be still more oppressed by the change of masters. But a temptation is afterwards inflicted, by which the holy Prophet and the whole people were severely tried; for the Prophet says: return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:1 주석
번역에 관해서, 어떤 이들은 두 번째 절의 마지막 부분을 "왕이 아무 손해를 입지 않도록"이라 번역하지만, '네젝'이 "손해를 입다"를 의미하므로 나는 이 의미를 기꺼이 채택한다. 왕이 편안함을 원하여 손해를 피한 것이 아니었다. 늙은 사람으로서 그렇게 할 수도 있었지만, 그는 자신의 일들을 기꺼이 관리하고 세 사람에게 그 관리를 맡겼다. 너무 많은 손을 통해 일이 진행되면 무언가 손실이 생길 수 있기 때문이다. 경험은 다수에 의해 혼란이 야기됨을 보여준다. 만약 백이십 명의 지방 장관들만 있었다면 많은 불편함이 생겼을 것이고 많은 손실이 발생했을 것이다. 따라서 왕은 이 백이십 명 위에 세 명의 총리를 두었다. 여기서 다시 우리는 하나님이 어떻게 자신의 선지자를 돌보셨는지를 볼 수 있다. 단지 개인적인 이유나 개인적 존중 때문이 아니라, 그의 도움으로 비참한 포로들과 유배자들이 혜택을 받도록 하기 위해서였다. 하나님은 다니엘을 통해 유대인들에게 손을 뻗기를 원하셨다. 우리는 그를 마땅히 유대인들을 지탱하는 하나님의 손이라 부를 수 있다. 페르시아인들은 야만인으로서 자연적으로 다른 사람들보다 더 자비롭지 않았다. 따라서 하나님은 그들을 돕기 위해 자신의 종 다니엘을 세우셨다. 이 역사의 맥락에서 다니엘만이 다리오에게 이 세 명의 고위 관리 중 한 사람으로 선택되었음을 주목해야 한다. 그는 벨사살 왕 아래서 왕국에서 세 번째 지위를 차지했다. 비록 잠깐이었지만, 새 왕 아래서 그에게 그처럼 큰 영예가 수여되는 것에 시기심이 생길 수 있었다. 아마도 다리오는 다니엘의 이전 예언들에 대한 소식을 들었을 것이다. 즉 손이 벽에 나타난 것, 글을 해석한 것, 바벨론 왕국에 파멸을 선포하는 하늘의 전령이 된 것에 대해서. 이 소식이 다리오에게 전해지지 않았다면 다니엘은 결코 그 아래서 그처럼 큰 권위를 얻지 못했을 것이다. 따라서 하나님의 섭리가 그를 첫 번째 총리들 중에 있게 하고 심지어 왕국에서 세 번째가 되게 한 것이 얼마나 유익했는지를 알 수 있다. 이것이 그를 더 빨리 다리오의 눈에 띄게 했기 때문이다.
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
The Prophet now relates, as I have said, the origin of a temptation which might naturally cast down the spirits of the elect people as well as his own. For although Daniel alone was cast into the lion’s-den, as we shall afterwards see, yet, unless he had been liberated, the condition of the people would have been more grievous and severe. For we know the wicked petulantly insult the wretched and the innocent, when they see them suffering any adversity. If Daniel had been torn by the lions, all men would have risen up in a body against the Jews. God, therefore, here exercised the faith and patience of his servant, and also proved all the Jews by the same test, since they saw themselves liable to the most extreme sufferings in the person of a single individual, unless God had speedily afforded the assistance which he rendered. Daniel, first of all, says, he excelled all others, since a more excellent or superior spirit was in him It does not always happen that those who are remarkable for prudence or other endowments obtain greater authority and rank. In the palaces of kings we often see men of brutal dispositions holding high rank, and we need not go back to history for this. In these days kings are often gross and infatuated, and more like horses and asses than men! Hence audacity and recklessness obtain the highest honors of the palace. When Daniel says he excelled, he brings to our notice God’s two-fold benefit: first, a greater portion of his Spirit was bestowed upon him; and secondly, Darius acknowledged this, and raised him to honor when he saw him endued with no ordinary industry and wisdom. We now understand the Prophet’s teaching, here, as first divinely adorned with prudence and other endowments; and then, Darius was a competent judge of this, in estimating his prudence and other virtues, and holding them in great repute. Since, therefore, a noble spirit was in him, hence he overcame all others, says he; therefore the king determined to set him above the whole kingdom, that is, to place him first among the three satraps. Although it was a singular privilege with which God once blessed his people and his Prophet, yet we ought to weep over the heartlessness of kings in these days, who proudly despise God’s gifts in all good men who surpass the multitude in usefulness; and at the same time enjoy the society of the ignorant like themselves, while they are slaves to avarice and rapine, and manifest the greatest cruelty and licentiousness. Since, then, we see how very unworthy kings usually are of their empire and their power, we must weep over the state of the world, because it reflects like a glass the wrath of heaven, and kings are thus destitute of counsel. At the last day, King Darius alone will be sufficient to condemn them, for he had discretion enough not to hesitate to set a captive and a foreigner over all his satraps; for this was a royal, nay, a heroic virtue in Darius to prefer this man to all his own friends. But now kings think of nothing else than preferring their own panders, buffoons, and flatterers; while they praise none but men of low character, whom God has branded with ignominy. Although they are unworthy of being reckoned among mankind, yet they esteem themselves the masters of their sovereigns, and treat the kings of these days as their slaves. This happens through their mere slothfulness, and their discarding every possible anxiety. Hence they are compelled to deliver up their command to others, and retain nothing but the title. This, as I said, is a sure proof of the wrath of heaven, since the world is at this day unworthy of the government which God exercises over it by his hand. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:3 주석
선지자는 이제 내가 말한 것처럼 선택된 백성의 영혼과 그 자신의 영혼을 자연히 떨어뜨릴 수 있는 시험의 기원을 이야기한다. 비록 다니엘 혼자만이 사자 굴에 던져졌지만, 나중에 보게 될 것처럼, 그가 구원받지 못했다면 백성의 처지는 더욱 비참하고 가혹해졌을 것이다. 우리는 불경건한 자들이 어떤 역경을 당하는 것을 볼 때 얼마나 방종하게 비참한 자들과 무죄한 자들을 모욕하는지 안다. 다니엘이 사자들에게 찢겼다면 모든 사람이 유대인들을 대항하여 일어났을 것이다. 하나님은 따라서 여기서 자신의 종의 믿음과 인내를 훈련하셨고, 또한 한 개인에게서 모든 유대인들도 같은 시험으로 시험하셨다. 하나님이 즉시 도움을 주지 않으셨다면 그들은 가장 극단적인 고통에 처할 뻔했기 때문이다. 다니엘은 먼저 그가 다른 모든 이들을 능가했다고 말한다. 더 탁월하고 우월한 영이 그 안에 있었기 때문이다. 신중함이나 다른 자질에서 뛰어난 자들이 항상 더 큰 권위와 지위를 얻는 것은 아니다. 왕들의 궁에서 우리는 종종 잔인한 성품을 가진 자들이 높은 지위를 차지하는 것을 본다. 역사로 되돌아갈 필요도 없다. 오늘날에도 왕들은 종종 천하고 도취되어 사람이라기보다 말이나 당나귀 같다! 따라서 대담함과 무분별함이 궁의 최고 영예를 차지한다. 다니엘이 그가 탁월했다고 말할 때, 그는 하나님의 두 가지 유익을 우리에게 알린다. 첫째로 그의 영의 더 큰 부분이 그에게 주어졌다. 둘째로 다리오가 이것을 인정하고 그가 보통이 아닌 근면과 지혜로 충만함을 보았을 때 그를 영예롭게 높였다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
With respect to the envy felt by the nobles, we see this vice rampant in all ages, since the aspirants to any greatness can never bear the presence of virtue. For, being guilty of evil themselves, they are necessarily bitter against the virtue of others. Nor ought it to seem surprising that the Persians who sustained the greatest labors, and passed through numerous changes of fortune, should be unable to bear with an obscure and unknown person, not only associated with them, but appointed as their superior. Their envy, then, seems to have had some pretext, either real or imaginary. But it will always be deserving of condemnation, when we find men selfishly pursuing their own advantage without any regard for the public good. Whoever aspires to power and self-advancement, without regarding the welfare of others, must necessarily be avaricious and rapacious, cruel and perfidious, as well as forgetful of his duties. Since, then, the nobles of the realm envied Daniel, they betrayed their malice, for they had no regard for the public good, but desired to seize upon all things for their own interests. In this example we observe the natural consequence of envy. And we should diligently notice this, since nothing is more tempting than gliding down from one vice to a worse. The envious man loses all sense of justice while attempting every scheme for injuring his adversary. These nobles report Daniel to have been preferred to themselves unworthily. If they had been content with this abuse, it would have been, as I said, a vice and a sign of a perverse nature. But they go far beyond this, for they seek for an occasion of crime in Daniel. We see, then, how envy excites them to the commission of crime. Thus all the envious are perpetually on the watch, while they become spies of the fortunes of those whom they envy, to oppress them by every possible means. This is one point; but when they find no crime, they trample upon justice, without modesty and without humanity, and with cruelty and perfidy lay themselves out to crush an adversary. Daniel relates this of his rivals. He says, They immediately sought occasion against him, and did not find it Then he adds how unjustly and perfidiously they sought occasion against him. There is no doubt they knew Daniel to be a pious man and approved by God; hence, when they plot against his holy Prophet, they purposely wage war with God himself, while they are blinded with the perverse passion of envy. Whence, then, does it spring? Surely from ambition. Thus we see how pestilential a plague ambition is, from which envy springs up, and afterwards perfidy and cruelty! return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:4 주석
귀족들이 느낀 시기에 관해서, 우리는 이 악이 모든 시대에 만연함을 본다. 어떤 위대함을 열망하는 자들이 덕의 존재를 결코 참을 수 없기 때문이다. 자신들이 악에 죄가 있으므로 그들은 필연적으로 다른 이들의 덕에 쓴 마음을 가진다. 가장 큰 수고를 감내하고 많은 운명의 변화를 겪어온 페르시아인들이 불분명하고 알려지지 않은 자가 그들과 함께 앉은 것뿐 아니라 그들의 상관으로 임명된 것을 참을 수 없었다는 것이 놀랍지 않아야 한다. 따라서 그들의 시기는 실제적이든 상상이든 어떤 구실을 가지고 있는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 사람들이 공공선에 대한 아무 고려 없이 이기적으로 자신의 이익을 추구하는 것을 발견할 때 그것은 항상 비난받을 가치가 있다. 다른 이들의 복지를 고려하지 않고 권력과 자기 발전을 열망하는 자는 필연적으로 탐욕스럽고 약탈적이며 잔인하고 배신적이며 자신의 의무를 망각한 자가 된다. 왕국의 귀족들이 다니엘을 시기했으므로, 그들은 공공선에 대한 고려가 없고 모든 것을 자신들의 이익을 위해 차지하려 한다는 자신들의 악의를 드러냈다. 이 예에서 우리는 시기의 자연적 결과를 관찰한다. 그리고 이것을 부지런히 주목해야 한다. 한 악에서 더 나쁜 악으로 미끄러지는 것보다 더 유혹적인 것이 없기 때문이다. 시기하는 자는 자신의 적수를 해치기 위한 모든 계략을 시도하면서 모든 정의의 감각을 잃는다. 이 귀족들은 다니엘이 자신들보다 부당하게 선호되었다고 보고했다. 이 모욕으로 만족했다면 그것은 내가 말한 것처럼 악이자 비뚤어진 본성의 표징이었을 것이다. 그러나 그들은 이것을 훨씬 넘어선다. 그들은 다니엘 안에서 범죄의 빌미를 찾는다. 우리는 따라서 시기가 어떻게 그들을 범죄 행위로 자극하는지를 본다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
Besides this, Daniel admonishes us by his own example to study to strive after integrity, and thus to deprive the malevolent and the wicked of all occasion against us, which they seek. We shall find no better defense against the envious and the slanderous than to conduct ourselves righteously and innocently. Whatever snares they may lay for us, they will never succeed, for our innocence will repel their malice like a shield. Meanwhile we see how Daniel escaped utter ruin, since they sought a pretext against him in something else, namely, his worship of God. Hence let us learn how we ought to esteem piety and an earnest desire for it of more value than life itself. Daniel was faithful and upright in his administration: he discharged his duty so as to close the mouth of his enemies and detractors. Thus, as I have said, integrity is the best of all protectors. Again, Daniel was in danger because he would not leave off the sincere worship of God and its outward profession. Hence we must bravely undergo all dangers whenever the worship of God is at stake. This temporary life ought not to be more precious to us than that most sacred of all things — the preservation of God’s honor unstained. We therefore see how we, by these means, are urged to the cultivation of integrity, since we cannot be more secure than when fortified by a good conscience, as Peter in his first epistle exhorts us to the same purpose, ( 1 Peter 3:16 .) Now, whatever we may fear, and whatever events await us, even if we become subject to a hundred deaths, we ought never to decline from the pure worship of God, since Daniel did not hesitate to submit to death and enter the lion’s den, because he openly professed the worship of Israel’s God. As these nobles entered into this barbarous and cruel counsel for oppressing Daniel under the pretense of religion, here, again, we gather the blindness and rashness of mankind when ambition and envy seize upon their minds. For it is a matter of no moment with them to come into collision with the Almighty, (284) for they do not approach Daniel as a fellow-creature, but they leap into an insane and sacrilegious contest when they wish to extinguish the worship of God and give way to their own indulgence. Thus, as I have said, we are admonished by this example how ambition is to be guarded against and avoided, and also the envy which arises from it. The nature of this charge — the worship of God — afterwards follows: — (284) The French editions of 1562 and 1569, a Geneva , translate the idiomatic phrase, susque deque illis est , by ce leur est tout un ; “it is all one to them.” — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:5 주석
또한 다니엘은 자신의 예로 우리에게 정직함을 추구하고 이로써 악의적이고 사악한 자들이 우리를 대항하여 찾는 모든 빌미를 빼앗기 위해 노력해야 한다고 권면한다. 시기하고 비방하는 자들에 대한 가장 좋은 방어는 의롭고 순수하게 자신을 행하는 것임을 알 수 있다. 그들이 우리를 위해 어떤 함정을 놓더라도, 우리의 순수함이 방패처럼 그들의 악의를 막아낼 것이므로 그들은 결코 성공하지 못할 것이다. 한편 다니엘이 완전한 파멸에서 어떻게 벗어났는지를 우리는 본다. 다른 것, 즉 하나님을 예배하는 것에서 그를 대항할 구실을 찾았기 때문이다. 따라서 우리는 경건과 그것에 대한 진지한 열망을 생명 자체보다 더 귀하게 여겨야 함을 배우자. 다니엘은 자신의 행정에서 충실하고 올바랐다. 그는 적들과 비방자들의 입을 막을 만큼 자신의 의무를 다했다. 따라서 내가 말한 것처럼 정직함이 가장 좋은 모든 보호자다. 또한 다니엘은 하나님의 진실한 예배와 그 외적 고백을 그만두지 않으려 했기 때문에 위험에 처했다. 따라서 하나님의 예배가 위기에 처할 때마다 우리는 용감하게 모든 위험을 감수해야 한다. 이 일시적인 생명이 모든 것 중 가장 거룩한 것인 하나님의 영예가 더럽혀지지 않도록 보존하는 것보다 우리에게 더 귀해서는 안 된다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
The nobles of the kingdom purposely endeavored to ruin the holy Prophet, either by casting him into the lion’s den to perish or else by causing him to desist from the outward profession of worshipping God. They knew him to be so really in earnest that he would not redeem his life by so great an act of impiety, and hence they thought him doomed to death. We perceive in them great cunning; but God met them on the other hand and aided his servant, as we shall see. Meanwhile their malice was the more detestable, since they desired to destroy Daniel by this very pretense. Although they did not worship Israel’s God, they knew the Prophet’s mind to be pious and straightforward, and then they experienced the power of that God who was unknown to them. They did not condemn Daniel, nor blame the religion which he practiced; for, as I have said, their hatred of this man urged them to such cruelty that they rushed against the Almighty. They could not disguise from themselves the duty of worshipping God: they worshipped and adored unknown deities, and did not dare to condemn the worship of Israel’s God. We see how the devil fascinated them when they dared to impute this as a crime to the holy Prophet; while we are ignorant of the manner in which their opinion was changed. Some suppose this was done because Darius could not bear with composure the glory of his son-in-law. For since he was an old man, and his relative in the flower of his age, he thought himself despised. Others think Darius to have been touched by secret emulation, and that he allowed his nobles to approach him for the purpose of deceiving the miserable and doting old man, and thus to throw dust in his eyes. But this conjecture does not seem to me sufficiently valid. Nor need I give myself much trouble in this matter, because it might happen that at the beginning of a new reign they wished to congratulate the king, and they fixed upon something new and unaccustomed, as we see often done by flatterers of royalty. Hence the old man might be deceived in this matter, since the monarchy was newly established. The king had hitherto ruled over none but Medes; now Chaldeans, Assyrians, and many other nations were added to his sway. Such an addition might intoxicate him with vain-glory, and his nobles might think this a plausible reason for offering to him divine honors. This single reason seems to me sufficient; I do not inquire further, but embrace what is probable and obvious at first sight. I defer the remainder till to-morrow. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:6 주석
왕국의 귀족들은 의도적으로 거룩한 선지자를 파멸시키려 했다. 그를 사자 굴에 던져 멸망시키거나, 하나님을 예배하는 외적 고백에서 그를 단념하게 하거나. 그들은 그가 그처럼 진지하게 경건하여 그처럼 큰 불경한 행위로 자신의 생명을 구속하지 않을 것임을 알았다. 따라서 그를 죽음에 처했다고 생각했다. 우리는 그들에게서 큰 교활함을 본다. 그러나 하나님이 다른 한편으로 그들을 만나시고 우리가 보게 될 것처럼 자신의 종을 도우셨다. 한편 그들의 악의는 더욱 더 가증스러웠다. 바로 이 구실로 다니엘을 멸망시키려 했기 때문이다. 그들이 이스라엘의 하나님을 예배하지 않았지만, 선지자의 마음이 경건하고 정직하다는 것을 알았다. 그들에게 알려지지 않은 그 하나님의 능력도 경험했다. 그들은 다니엘을 정죄하지 않았고, 그가 실천하는 종교를 비난하지 않았다. 내가 말한 것처럼 이 사람에 대한 그들의 증오가 그들을 그처럼 잔인함으로 충동하여 전능자를 대항하여 달려들게 했다. 그들은 하나님을 예배해야 할 의무를 자신들에게서 숨길 수 없었다. 알려지지 않은 신들을 예배하고 경배했으며, 이스라엘의 하나님을 예배하는 것을 감히 정죄하지 못했다. 우리는 마귀가 어떻게 그들을 미혹하여 거룩한 선지자에게 이것을 범죄로 돌릴 수 있도록 했는지를 본다.
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
WE said, yesterday, that the nobles who laid snares against Daniel were inspired with great fury when they dared to dictate to the king the edict recorded by Daniel. It was an intolerable sacrilege thus to deprive all the deities of their honor; yet he subscribed the edict, as we shall afterwards see, and thus put to the test the obedience of his people whom he had lately reduced under the yoke by the help of his son-in-law. There is no doubt of his wish to subdue the Chaldees, who up to that time had been masters; and we know how ferocity springs from the possession of authority. Since then the Chaldees had formerly reigned so far and wide, it was difficult to tame them and render them submissive, especially when they found themselves the slaves of those who had previously been their rivals. We know how many contests there were between them and the Medes; and although they were subdued in war, their spirits were not yet in subjection; hence Darius desired to prove their obedience, and this reason induced him to give his consent. He does not purposely provoke the anger of the gods; but through respect for the men, he forgets the deities, and substitutes himself in the place of the gods, as if it was in his power to attract the authority of heaven to himself! This, as I have said, was a grievous sacrilege. If any one could enter into the hearts of kings, he would find scarcely one in a hundred who does not despise everything divine. Although they confess themselves to enjoy their thrones by the grace of God, as we have previously remarked, yet they wish to be adored in his stead. We now see how easily flatterers persuade kings to do whatever appears likely to extol their magnificence. It follows: return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:7 주석
우리는 어제 다니엘을 대항하여 함정을 놓은 귀족들이 다니엘이 기록한 칙령을 왕에게 받아쓰게 할 만큼 대담하게 왕에게 명령했을 때 큰 분노에 사로잡혔다고 말했다. 모든 신들의 영예를 빼앗는 것은 참을 수 없는 신성모독이었다. 그러나 그는 나중에 보게 될 것처럼 칙령에 서명했고, 이로써 최근에 그의 사위의 도움으로 굴복시킨 백성의 순종을 시험했다. 갈대아인들을 복종시켜 순종하게 만들기를 원했다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다. 그들은 그때까지 주인이었고 우리는 권위의 소유에서 얼마나 강인함이 생기는지를 안다. 갈대아인들이 그처럼 멀리 그리고 넓게 통치했으므로 그들을 길들이고 순종하게 만드는 것이 어려웠다. 특히 이전에 그들의 경쟁자였던 자들의 노예가 된 것을 발견했을 때는. 따라서 다리오는 그들의 순종을 증명하기 원했고, 이 이유가 그를 동의하게 만들었다. 그는 의도적으로 신들의 진노를 자극하지 않는다. 그러나 사람들을 존중하는 나머지 신들을 잊고, 마치 하늘의 권위를 자신에게 끌어올 수 있는 것처럼 자신을 신들의 자리에 대체한다! 이것은 내가 말한 것처럼 심각한 신성모독이었다. 만약 누군가 왕들의 마음속에 들어갈 수 있다면, 백 명 중 하나도 신성한 모든 것을 멸시하지 않는 자가 없음을 알 것이다. 비록 자신들이 하나님의 은혜로 보좌에 앉는다고 고백하지만, 그들은 그 대신 숭배받기를 원한다.
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
Here, as I have said, it is sufficiently apparent how inclined to fallacies are the minds of kings when they think they can benefit themselves and increase their own dignity. For the king did not dispute long with his nobles but subscribed the edict; for he thought it might prove useful to himself and his successors: if he found the Chaldeans obedient to himself and rather prepared to deny the existence of every god than to refuse whatever he commanded! As to the use of the word, some, translate אסרא , asra, by “writing,” deriving it from “ to cut in, ” as we know that all laws were formerly graven on tablets of brass; but I interpret it more simply of their seeking from the king a signature of the writing, that is, he was to sign the edict after it was written. Which cannot be changed, they say — meaning, the edict is unchangeable and inviolable, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which does not pass away — that is, which does not vanish, as also Christ says, Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away, or shall never become vain. ( Matthew 24:35 ; Mark 13:31 .) As to his joining the Medes with the Persians, this arises from what we said before, since Cyrus and Darius reigned in common as colleagues. Greater dignity was granted to Darius, while the power was in the hands of Cyrus; besides, without controversy, his sons were heirs of either kingdom and of the Monarchy of the East, unless when they began to make war on each other. When they say, the law of the Medes and Persians is immutable, this is worthy of praise in laws, and sanctions their authority; thus they are strong and obtain their full effect. When laws are variable, many are necessarily injured, and no private interest is stable unless the law be without variation; besides, when there is a liberty of changing laws, license succeeds in place of justice. For those who possess the supreme power, if corrupted by gifts, promulgate first one edict and then another. Thus justice cannot flourish where change in the laws allows of so much license. But, at the same time, kings ought prudently to consider lest they promulgate any edict or law without grave and mature deliberation; and secondly, kings ought to be careful lest they be counteracted by cunning and artful plots, to which they are often liable. Hence, constancy is praiseworthy in kings and their edicts, if only they are preceded by prudence and equity. But we shall immediately see how foolishly kings affect the fame of consistency, and how their obstinacy utterly perverts justice. But we shall see this directly in its own place. It follows: return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:8 주석
여기서 내가 말한 것처럼, 왕들의 마음이 자신에게 유익하고 자신의 존엄을 높일 수 있다고 생각할 때 얼마나 오류에 기울기 쉬운지가 충분히 분명하다. 왕은 귀족들과 오래 논쟁하지 않고 칙령에 서명했다. 자신과 후계자들에게 유익할 것이라 생각했기 때문이다. 만약 갈대아인들이 그에게 순종하여 그가 명령하는 것을 거부하기보다 모든 신의 존재를 부인할 준비가 되어 있다면! 이제 칙령이 변경될 수 없다고 한다. 이것은 메대와 바사의 법에 따라 칙령이 변경 불가능하고 침해 불가능하다는 것을 의미한다. 법이 지나가지 않는다 함은 그리스도도 말씀하신 것처럼 하늘과 땅은 지나가도 그분의 말씀은 지나가지 않는다거나 결코 헛되지 않는다(마 24:35)는 것과 같이, 즉 사라지지 않는다는 것이다. 그가 메대인들과 바사인들을 함께 언급하는 것은 우리가 이전에 말한 것, 즉 고레스와 다리오가 동료로서 함께 통치했기 때문에 생겨난 것이다. 법에서 이 불변성은 찬양받을 가치가 있으며 그것들의 권위를 재가한다. 따라서 법이 강하고 그 효력을 발휘한다. 법이 가변적이면 많은 사람이 필연적으로 해를 입고 법의 변화가 그처럼 많은 방종을 허용하는 곳에서는 정의가 번성할 수 없다. 그러나 동시에 왕들은 심각하고 성숙한 숙고 없이 어떤 칙령이나 법도 공포하지 않도록 신중하게 고려해야 한다. 또한 왕들은 자신들이 종종 당하는 교활한 음모에 대항하지 않도록 조심해야 한다.
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
Daniel now relates how he was clothed in the boldness of the Spirit of God to offer his life as a sacrifice to God, because he knew he had no hope of pardon left, if his violation of the king’s edict had been discovered; he knew the king himself to be completely in shackles even if he wished to pardon him — as the event proved. If death had been before the Prophet’s eyes, he preferred meeting it fearlessly rather than ceasing from the duty of piety. We must remark that the internal worship of God is not treated here, but only the external profession of it. If Daniel had been forbidden to pray, this fortitude with which he was endued might seem necessary; but many think he ran great risks without sufficient reason, since he increased the chance of death when only outward profession was prohibited. But as Daniel here is not the herald of his own virtue, but the Spirit speaks through his mouth, we must suppose that this magnanimity in the holy Prophet was pleasing to God. And his liberation shewed how greatly his piety was approved, because he had rather lose his life than change any of his habits respecting the worship of God. We know the principal sacrifice which God requires, is to call upon his name. For we hereby testify him to be the author of all good things; next we shew forth a specimen of our faith; then we fly to him, and cast all our cares into his bosom, and offer him our prayers. Since, therefore, prayer constitutes the chief part of our adoration and worship of God, it was certainly a matter of no slight moment when the king forbade any one to pray to God; it was a gross and manifest denial of piety. And here, again, we collect how blind was the king’s pride when he could sign so impious and foul an edict! Then how mad were the nobles who, to ruin Daniel as far as they possibly could, endeavored to abolish all piety, and draw down God from heaven! For what remains, when men think they can free themselves from the help of God, and pass him over with security? Unless he prop us up by his special aid, we know how entirely we should be reduced to nothing. Hence the king forbade any one to offer up any prayer during a whole month — that is, as I have said, he exacts from every one a denial of God! But Daniel could not obey the edict without committing an atrocious insult against God and declining from piety; because, as I have said, God exacts this as a principal sacrifice. Hence it is not surprising if Daniel cordially opposed the sacrilegious edict. Now, with respect to the profession of piety, it was necessary to testify before men his perseverance in the worship of God. For if he had altered his habits at all, it would have been a partial abjuration; he would not have said that he openly despised God to please Darius; but that very difference in his conduct would have been a proof of perfidious defection. We know that God requires not only faith in the heart and the inward affections, but also the witness and confession of our piety. Daniel, therefore, was obliged to persevere in the holy practice to which he was accustomed, unless he wished to be the very foulest apostate! He was in the habit of praying with his windows open : hence he continued in his usual course, lest any one should object that he gratified his earthly king for a moment by omitting the worship of God. I wish this doctrine was now engraven on the hearts of all men as it ought to be; but this example of the Prophet is derided by many, not perhaps openly and glaringly, but still clearly enough, the Prophet seems to them too inconsiderate and simple, since he incurs great danger, rashly, and without any necessity. For they so separate faith from its outward confession as to suppose it can remain entire even if completely buried, and for the sake of avoiding the cross. they depart a hundred times from its pure and sincere profession. We must maintain, therefore, not only the duty of offering to God the sacrifice of prayer in our hearts, but that our open profession is also required, and thus the reality of our worship of God may clearly appear. I do not say that our hasty thoughts are to be instantly spread abroad, rendering us subject to death by the enemies of God and his gospel; but I say these things ought to be united and never to be separated, namely, faith and its profession. For confession is of two kinds: first, the open and ingenuous testimony to our inward feelings; and secondly, the necessary maintenance of the worship of God, lest we shew any sign of a perverse and perfidious hypocrisy, and thus reject the pursuit of piety. With regard to the first kind, it is neither always nor everywhere necessary to profess our faith; but the second kind ought to be perpetually practiced, for it can never be necessary for us to pretend either disaffection or apostasy. For although Daniel did not send for the Chaldeans by the sound of a trumpet whenever he wished to pray, yet he framed his prayers and his vows in his couch as usual, and did not pretend to be forgetful of piety when he saw his faith put to the test, and the experiments made whether or not he would persevere in his constancy. Hence he distinctly says, he went home, after being made acquainted with the signing of the decree. Had he been admitted to the council, he would doubtless have spoken out, but the rest of the nobles cunningly excluded him, lest he should interfere with them, and they thought the remedy would be too late, and utterly in vain as soon as he perceived the certainty of his own death. Hence, had he been admitted to the king’s council, he would there have discharged his duty, and heartily interposed; but after the signing of the edict, and the loss of all opportunity for advising the king, he retired to his house. We must here notice the impossibility of finding an excuse for the king’s advisers, who purposely escape when they see that unanimity of opinion cannot be obtained, and think God will be satisfied in this way, if they only
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:10 주석
다니엘은 이제 하나님의 영의 담대함으로 어떻게 옷 입혀져 자신의 생명을 하나님께 제물로 드렸는지를 이야기한다. 왕의 칙령을 어긴 것이 발각되면 용서받을 희망이 없다는 것을 알았기 때문이다. 왕 자신도 원한다 해도 그를 용서할 수 없도록 완전히 묶여 있음을 알았다. 사건이 그것을 증명했기 때문이다. 죽음이 선지자의 눈앞에 있었다면, 그는 경건의 의무를 그치기보다 두려움 없이 맞이하기를 택했다. 여기서 하나님의 내적 예배가 아니라 그것의 외적 고백만이 다루어짐을 주목해야 한다. 만약 다니엘이 기도하는 것을 금지받았다면, 그가 부여받은 이 담대함이 필요해 보일 수 있다. 그러나 많은 이들은 외적 고백만이 금지되었으므로 그가 충분한 이유 없이 큰 위험을 감수했다고 생각한다. 그러나 다니엘이 여기서 자신의 덕의 전령이 아니라 그의 입을 통해 성령이 말씀하시므로, 거룩한 선지자의 이 위대함이 하나님을 기쁘게 했다고 생각해야 한다. 그리고 그의 구원이 하나님의 예배에 대한 이 방식으로 예배하는 것을 승인하는 증거로서 그의 경건이 얼마나 크게 승인되었는지를 보여주었다. 그가 자신의 생명을 잃기보다 하나님을 예배하는 자신의 습관을 어떤 것도 바꾸지 않기 위해서였다. 우리는 하나님이 요구하시는 주요한 희생이 그분의 이름을 부르는 것임을 안다. 이로써 우리는 그분이 모든 선한 것들의 저자이심을 증거한다. 다음으로 우리는 우리 믿음의 표본을 나타낸다. 그런 다음 우리는 그분께 피하고 우리의 모든 염려를 그분의 품에 던지며 기도를 드린다. 따라서 기도가 하나님을 향한 우리의 경배와 예배의 주요 부분을 이루므로, 왕이 아무도 하나님께 기도하지 못하도록 금했을 때 이것은 결코 사소한 문제가 아니었다. 그것은 노골적이고 명백한 경건의 부정이었다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
Here the nobles of Darius display their fraud when they observe Daniel, and unite in a conspiracy against him: for no other object but the death of Daniel could have induced them to dictate this edict. Hence they agree together, and find Daniel uttering prayers and supplications to his God If Daniel had prayed with the slightest secrecy, he would not have been a victim to their snares; but he did not refuse the prospect of death. He knew the object of the edict, and expected the arrival of the nobles. We see, then, how willingly he submitted to instant death, and for no other purpose than to retain the pure worship of God, together with its outward profession. Go to, now, ye who desire to shield your perfidy, pretending that you ought not to incur danger rashly, and when the wicked surround you on all sides! You become cautious lest you should rashly throw away your lives! For Daniel, in their opinion, was to be blamed for too great simplicity and folly, since he willingly and knowingly encountered certain danger. But we have already said, he could not escape from their snare without indirectly revolting from God, for he might have been immediately reproached — Why do you desist from your accustomed habit? Why do you close your windows? Why do you not dare to pray to your God? It appears, then, you regard the king of more importance than the reverence and fear of God. Because God’s honor would have been thus sullied, Daniel, as we have already seen, spontaneously offered himself to death as a sacrifice. We are taught, also, by this example, how snares are prepared for the sons of God, however circumspectly they act, and however soberly they conduct themselves. But they ought to conduct themselves so prudently as neither to be too cunning nor too anxious, that is, they should not regard their own security so as in the meantime to forget God’s requirements, and the preciousness of his name, and the necessity of a confession of faith in the proper place and time. It now follows: return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:11 주석
여기서 다리오의 귀족들은 다니엘을 감시하여 그를 대항하는 음모에서 자신들의 사기를 드러낸다. 다니엘의 죽음 이외의 어떤 목적도 그들로 하여금 이 칙령을 받아쓰게 할 수 없었기 때문이다. 따라서 그들은 모여서 다니엘이 자신의 하나님께 기도하고 간구하는 것을 확인한다. 다니엘이 조금이라도 은밀하게 기도했다면 그들의 함정에 희생자가 되지 않았을 것이다. 그러나 그는 죽음의 전망을 거부하지 않았다. 그는 칙령의 목적을 알았고 귀족들의 도착을 예상했다. 우리는 따라서 그가 얼마나 자발적으로 즉각적인 죽음에 복종했는지를 본다. 하나님의 순수한 예배와 그 외적 고백을 유지하는 것 외에 다른 목적이 없었다. 자신의 배신을 가리려는 자들이여, 당신들이 무모하게 위험을 감수해서는 안 되며 악한 자들이 사방에서 둘러쌀 때를 주의해야 한다고 핑계하는 당신들이여, 이제 가라! 당신들은 무모하게 생명을 버리지 않도록 조심한다! 왜냐하면 다니엘은 그들의 의견에 지나치게 단순하고 어리석어서 기꺼이 알면서 확실한 위험을 감수했기 때문에 비난받아야 했다고 한다. 그러나 우리는 이미 그가 하나님에게서 간접적으로 반역하지 않으면 그들의 함정에서 벗어날 수 없었다고 말했다. 왜냐하면 즉시 책망받았을 것이기 때문이다—"왜 당신의 습관된 행동을 그만두는가? 왜 창문을 닫는가? 왜 하나님께 기도하지 감히 않는가? 그러면 당신은 하나님에 대한 경외심과 두려움보다 왕을 더 중요하게 여기는 것처럼 보인다."
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
Now the king’s nobles approach the king as conquerors, but they do so cunningly; for they do not openly say anything about Daniel, whom they knew to be a favorite with the king; but they repeat their previous assertion concerning the impossibility of changing the edict, since the law of the Medes and Persians is inviolable and cannot be rendered void. Again, therefore, as far as they possibly can, they sanction that edict, lest the king should afterwards be free, or dare to retract what he had once commanded. We must mark the cunning with which they indirectly circumvent the king, and entangle him, by preventing the change of a single word; They come, therefore, and discourse concerning the royal edict. They do not mention the name of Daniel, but dwell upon the royal decree, so as to bind the king more firmly. It follows — The king answered, The discourse is true We here see how kings desire praise for consistency, but they do not perceive the difference between consistency and obstinacy. For kings ought to reflect upon their own decrees, to avoid the disgrace of retracting what they have hastily promulgated. If anything has escaped them without consideration, both prudence and equity require them to correct their errors; but when they have trampled upon all regard for justice, they desire every inconsiderate command to be strictly obeyed! This is the height of folly, and we ought not to sanction a perseverance in such obstinacy, as we have already said. But the rest to-morrow. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:12 주석
이제 왕의 귀족들은 정복자로서 왕에게 나아가지만 교활하게 한다. 왕의 총애를 받는다는 것을 아는 다니엘에 대해 공개적으로 아무 말도 하지 않는다. 그러나 칙령을 변경하는 것이 불가능하다는 그들의 이전 주장을 반복한다. 메대와 바사의 법은 침해 불가능하고 무효화될 수 없기 때문이다. 따라서 다시 그들은 할 수 있는 한 그 칙령을 재가하여, 왕이 나중에 자유롭거나 한 번 명령한 것을 감히 철회하지 못하게 한다. 우리는 그들이 간접적으로 왕을 어떻게 교활하게 둘러싸서 한 마디도 바꾸지 못하게 묶는지를 주목해야 한다. 그들은 따라서 왕의 칙령에 대해 오고 토론한다. 그들은 다니엘의 이름을 언급하지 않고 왕의 명령에 머물면서 왕을 더 단단히 묶는다. 그다음에 이어진다—왕이 대답했다, 그 말이 사실이다. 여기서 우리는 왕들이 일관성으로 찬양받기를 원하지만 일관성과 완고함의 차이를 인식하지 못하는 것을 본다. 왕들은 자신들의 법령에 대해 숙고하여 경솔하게 공포한 것을 철회하는 수치를 피해야 한다. 만약 어떤 것이 고려 없이 그들에게서 나왔다면, 신중함과 공정함은 그들이 자신들의 오류를 수정할 것을 요구한다. 그러나 그들이 모든 정의에 대한 고려를 짓밟았을 때, 그들은 모든 경솔한 명령이 엄격하게 준수되기를 원한다! 이것은 어리석음의 극치다.
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
13절 카드 ↗
Now, when Daniel’s calumniators see that King Darius had no wish to defend his cause, they open up more freely what they had previously conceded; for, as we have said, if they had openly accused Daniel, their accusation could have been instantly and completely refuted; but after this sentiment had been expressed to the king, their statement is final, since by the laws of the Medes and Persians a king’s decree ought to be self-acting; hence, after this is accomplished, they then come to the person. Daniel, say they, one of the captives of Judah, has not obeyed thy will, O king, nor the decree which thou hast signed. By saying, “Daniel, one of the Jewish captives,” they doubtless intended to magnify his crime and to render him odious. For if any Chaldean had dared to despise the king’s edict, his rashness would not have been excused. But now when Daniel, who was lately a slave and a Chaldean captive, dares to despise the king’s command, who reigned over Chaldea by the right of conquest, this seemed less tolerable still. The effect is the same as if they had said, “He was lately a captive among thy slaves; thou art supreme lord, and his masters to whom he was subject are under thy yoke, because thou art their conqueror; he is but a captive and a stranger, a mere slave, and yet he rebels against thee!” We see then how they desired to poison the king’s mind against him by this allusion, He is one of the captives! The words are very harmless in themselves, but they endeavor to sting their monarch in every way, and to stir up his wrath against Daniel. He does not direct his mind to thee, O king; that is, he does not reflect upon who you are, and thus he despises thy majesty and the edict which thou hast signed This is another enlargement: Daniel, therefore, did not direct his mind either to thee or to thy edict; and wilt thou bear this? Next, they recite the deed itself — he prays three times a-day This would have been the simple narrative, Daniel has not obeyed thy command in praying to his own God; but, as I have said, they exaggerate his crime by accusing him of pride, contempt, and insolence. We see, therefore, by what artifices Daniel was oppressed by these malicious men. It now follows: return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:13 주석
이제 다니엘의 비방자들은 왕 다리오가 그의 입장을 옹호하기를 원치 않는다는 것을 알았을 때 이전에 양보했던 것을 더 자유롭게 드러낸다. 내가 말한 것처럼 만약 그들이 공개적으로 다니엘을 고발했다면, 그들의 고발은 즉시 그리고 완전히 반박되었을 것이다. 그러나 이 감정이 왕에게 표현된 후, 그들의 진술은 최종적이다. 메대와 바사의 법에 따라 왕의 명령은 스스로 이행되어야 하기 때문이다. 이것이 달성된 후 그들은 당사자에게 온다. 유다 포로 중 한 사람인 다니엘이 왕의 뜻에 복종하지 않았다고 한다. "유다 포로 중 한 사람인 다니엘"이라고 말함으로써 그들은 의심할 것 없이 그의 범죄를 확대하고 그를 혐오스럽게 만들려 했다. 왕이 정복의 권리로 갈대아를 통치하는 이 왕의 명령을 최근 노예였고 갈대아 포로였던 다니엘이 감히 멸시하는 것이 이제 더욱 참을 수 없었다. 그들은 당신의 마음을 당신에게 향하지 않는다, 즉 그는 당신이 누구인지를 반성하지 않으므로 당신의 위엄과 당신이 서명한 칙령을 멸시한다고 말한다. 그들은 그 행위 자체를 진술한다—그는 하루에 세 번 기도한다고. 이것이 단순한 서술이었을 것이다. 다니엘이 자신의 하나님께 기도하는 데 당신의 명령에 복종하지 않았다고. 그러나 내가 말한 것처럼 그들은 교만과 경멸과 오만으로 고발하여 그의 범죄를 과장한다.
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
14절 카드 ↗
In the first place, Daniel recites that the king was disturbed, when he perceived the malice of his nobles which had formerly escaped him; for their intention and their object had never occurred to him; he perceives himself deceived and entrapped, and hence he is disturbed. Here again we are taught how cautiously kings ought to avoid depraved counsels, since they are besieged on every side by perfidious men, whose only object is to gain by their false representations, and to oppress their enemies, and those from whom they hope for booty or who may favor their evil courses. Because so many snares surround kings, they ought to be the more cautious in providing against cunning. They are too late in acknowledging themselves to have been overreached, when no remedy is left, partly through fear, and partly through wishing to consult their own credit; and they prefer offending God to suffering any outward disrespect from men. Since, therefore, kings consider their own honor so sacred, they persevere in their evil undertakings, even when their conscience accuses them; and even if justice itself were to appear visibly before them, yet this restraint would not be sufficient to withhold them, when ambition urges them in the opposite direction, and they are unwilling to lose the slightest portion of their reputation among men. The case of Darius supplies us with an example of this kind. First of all, it is said, He was sorrowful when he heard these words, and was anxious till the setting of the sun about the way of snatching Daniel from death He wished this to be done, if his own honor were sound and safe, and his nobles were satisfied. But on the one side, he fears disunion if his nobles should conspire to produce disturbance; and on the other side, he is moved by a foolish fear, because he does not wish to incur the charge of levity which awaited him, and hence he is vanquished and obeys the lusts of the wicked. Although, therefore, he labored till the setting of the sun to free Daniel, yet that perverse shame prevailed of which I have spoken, and then the fear of dissension. For when we do not lean upon God’s help, we are always compelled to vacillate, although anxious to be honestly affected. Thus Pilate wished to liberate Christ, but was terrified by the threats of the people, when they denounced against him the displeasure of Caesar. ( John 19:12 .) And no wonder, since faith is alone a certain and fixed prop on which we may lean while fearlessly discharging our duty, and thus overcome all fears. But when we want confidence, we are, as I have said, sure to be changeable. Hence Darius, through fear of a conspiracy of his nobles against himself, permitted Daniel to be an innocent sufferer from their cruelty. Then that false shame is added which I have mentioned, because he was unwilling to appear without consideration, by suddenly revoking his own edict, as it was a law with the Medes and Persians that whatever proceeded from kings was inviolable! Daniel now states this. He says, those men assembled together; when they saw the king hesitate and doubt, they became fierce and contentious with him. When it is said they meet together, this relates to their inspiring him with fear. They say, Know, O king! He knew it well enough, and they need not instruct him in any unknown matter, but they treat him in a threatening manner. “What? dost thou not see how utterly the royal name will be hereafter deprived of its authority if he violates thine edict with impunity? Will you thus permit yourself to become a laughingstock? Finally, they intimate, that he would not be king unless he revenged the insult offered him by Daniel in neglecting his commandment. Know, therefore, O king, that the Persians and Medes — he was himself king of the Medes, but it is just as if they said, What kind of rumor will be spread through all thy subject provinces; for thou knowest how far this prevails among the Medes and Persians — the king must not change his edict. If, therefore, thou shouldst set such an example, will not all thy subjects instantly rise against thee? and wilt thou not be contemptible to them?” We see, then, how the satraps rage against their king, and frighten him from any change of counsel. And they also join the edict with the statute, which the king had resolved upon, with the view of impressing upon him the necessity of not changing a single decree which he had often and repeatedly sanctioned. It follows: return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:14 주석
첫째로 다니엘은 왕이 마음이 불안해졌다고 기록한다. 이전에 그를 피해간 귀족들의 악의를 인식했을 때였다. 그들의 의도와 목적이 결코 그에게 떠오르지 않았다. 자신이 속고 함정에 걸린 것을 인식하고, 따라서 마음이 불안해진다. 여기서 우리는 왕들이 어떻게 사악한 조언들을 피해야 하는지를 다시 배운다. 그들은 사방에서 배신적인 자들에게 포위되어 있으며, 그들의 유일한 목적은 자신들의 거짓 표현으로 이익을 얻고, 적들과 약탈에 소망을 두거나 자신들의 사악한 길을 지지할 수 있는 자들을 압제하는 것이기 때문이다. 그처럼 많은 함정이 왕들을 둘러싸므로 그들은 교활함에 대항하는 데 더욱 조심해야 한다. 어느 부분은 두려움 때문에, 어느 부분은 자신들의 명성을 지키기를 원하기 때문에 아무 해결책도 없을 때 자신들이 속았음을 인정하기에는 너무 늦다. 그리고 그들은 사람들에게 외적 무례를 당하는 것보다 하나님을 불쾌하게 하는 것을 택한다. 따라서 왕들은 자신들의 영예를 그처럼 신성하게 여기므로, 자신들의 양심이 그들을 고발할 때에도 자신들의 악한 일을 지속한다. 다리오는 이런 종류의 예를 우리에게 공급한다. 먼저 그가 이 말들을 들었을 때 슬퍼했다고 한다. 그리고 해가 질 때까지 다니엘을 죽음에서 건져내는 방법에 대해 불안해했다고 한다. 그는 자신의 영예가 온전하고 안전하고 귀족들이 만족한다면 이것이 이루어지기를 원했다. 그러나 한편으로는 귀족들이 소란을 일으키는 음모를 꾸밀까 두려워하고, 다른 한편으로는 경솔함의 혐의를 자초하기 싫어하여 결국 정복되어 악한 자들의 욕망에 복종한다. 비록 다리오가 해질 때까지 다니엘을 자유롭게 하려 노력했지만, 내가 언급한 그 비뚤어진 수치와 내란의 두려움이 이겼다.
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-14-14(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
16절 카드 ↗
The king, as we have said, frightened by the denunciation of the nobles, condemns Daniel to death. And hence we gather the reward which kings deserve in reference to their pride, when they are compelled to submit with servility to their flatterers. How was Darius deceived by the cunning of his nobles! For he thought his authority would be strengthened, by putting the obedience of all men to this test of refusing all prayer to any god or man for a whole month. He thought he should become superior to both gods and men, if all his subjects really manifested obedience of this kind. We now see how obstinately the nobles rise against him, and denounce ultimate revolt, unless he obey them. We see that when kings take too much upon themselves, how they are exposed to infamy, and become the variest slaves of their own servants! This is common enough with earthly princes; those who possess their influence and favor applaud them in all things and even adore them; they offer every kind of flattery which can propitiate their favor; but, meanwhile, what freedom do their idols enjoy? They do not allow them any authority, nor any intercourse with the best and most faithful friends, while they are watched by their own guards. Lastly, if they are compared with the wretches who are confined in the closest dungeon, not one who is thrust down into the deepest pit, and watched by three or four guards, is not freer than kings themselves! But, as I have said, this is God’s most just vengeance; since, when they cannot contain themselves in the ordinary rank and station of men, but wish to penetrate the clouds and become on a level with God, they necessarily become a laughingstock. Hence they become slaves of all their attendants, and dare not utter anything with freedom, and are without friends, and are afraid to summon their subjects to their presence, and to intrust either one or another with their wishes. Thus slaves rule the kingdoms of the world, because kings assume superiority to mortals. King Darius is an instance of this when he sent for Daniel, and commanded him to be thrown into the den of lions; his nobles force this from him, and he unwillingly obeys them. But we should notice the reason. He had lately forgotten his own mortality, he had desired to deprive the Almighty of his sway, and as it were to drag him down from heaven! For if God remains in heaven, men must pray to him; but Darius forbade any one from even daring to utter a prayer; hence as far as he could he deprived the Almighty of his power. Now he is compelled to obey his own subjects, although they exercise an almost disgraceful tyranny over him. Daniel now adds — the king said this to him, Thy God, whom thou servest, or worshipest, faithfully, he will deliver thee! This word may be read in the optative mood, as we have said. There is no doubt that Darius really wished this; but it may mean, Thy God whom thou worshipest will deliver thee — as if he had said, “Already I am not my own master, I am here tossed about by the blast of a tempest; my nobles compel me to this deed against my will; I, therefore, now resign thee and thy life to God, because it is not in my power to deliver thee;” as if this excuse lightened his own crime by transferring to God the power of preserving Daniel. This reason causes some to praise the piety of King Darius; but as I confess his clemency and humanity to be manifest in this speech, so it is clear that he had not a grain of piety when he thus wished to adorn himself in the spoils of deity! For although the superstitious do not seriously fear God, yet they are restrained by some dread of him; but he here wished to reduce the whole divinity to nothing. What sort of piety was this? The clemency of Darius may therefore be praised, but his sacrilegious pride can by no means be excused. Then why did he act so humanely towards Daniel? Because he had found him a faithful servant, and the regard which rendered him merciful arose from this peculiarity. He would not have manifested the same disposition towards others. If a hundred or a thousand Jews had been dragged before his tribunal, he would carelessly have condemned them all because they had disobeyed the edict! Hence he was obstinately impious and cruel. He spared Daniel for his own private advantage, and thus embraced him with his favor; but in praising his humanity, we do not perceive any sign of piety in him. But he says, the God whom thou worshipest, he will deliver thee, because, he had formerly known Daniel’s prophecy concerning the destruction of the Chaldean monarchy; hence he is convinced, how Israel’s God is conscious of all things, and rules everything by his will; yet, in the meantime, he neither worships him nor suffers others to do so; for as far as he could he had excluded God from his own rights. In thus attributing to God the power of delivering him, he does not act cordially; and hence his impiety is the more detestable, when he deprives God of his rights while he confesses him to be the true and only one endued with supreme power; and though he is but dust and ashes, yet he substitutes himself in his place! It now follows, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:16 주석
왕은 우리가 말한 것처럼 귀족들의 선언에 두려워 다니엘을 죽음에 처한다. 이로부터 우리는 왕들이 자신들의 교만에 관련하여 마땅히 받을 보상을 알 수 있다. 그들이 아첨꾼들에게 노예적으로 복종하도록 강요받을 때. 다리오가 귀족들의 교활함에 어떻게 속았는가! 그는 한 달 동안 어떤 신이나 사람에게도 기도하기를 거부함으로써 모든 사람의 복종을 시험하는 이 시험으로 자신의 권위가 강화될 것이라 생각했다. 모든 신들과 사람들보다 우월하게 될 것이라 생각했다. 이제 우리는 귀족들이 어떻게 완고하게 그에게 반기를 들고 복종하지 않으면 최종 반란을 선언하는지를 본다. 왕들이 너무 많이 자신에게 취할 때 어떻게 오명에 노출되고 자신의 종들의 완전한 노예가 되는지를 본다! 이것은 지상의 왕자들에게 충분히 흔한 일이다. 다리오는 선지자에게 말한다—네가 섬기는 네 하나님이 너를 구원하실 것이다! 이 말은 기원법으로 읽을 수 있다. 다리오가 실제로 이것을 원했다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다. 그러나 이것은 "네가 섬기는 네 하나님이 너를 구원하실 것이다"를 의미할 수 있다. 마치 말하는 것처럼 "나는 이제 나 자신의 주인이 아니다. 나는 여기서 폭풍의 돌풍에 이리저리 휘둘린다. 내 귀족들이 내 의지에 반하여 나로 이 일을 하도록 강요한다. 그러므로 나는 이제 너와 네 생명을 하나님께 맡긴다. 너를 구하는 것이 내 능력 안에 있지 않기 때문이다." 마치 이 변명이 다니엘을 보존하는 능력을 하나님께 돌림으로써 자신의 범죄를 줄이는 것처럼. 어떤 이들은 이 말에서 왕 다리오의 경건을 칭찬하지만, 이 연설에서 그의 관대함과 인정은 분명하다고 고백하면서도, 그가 이처럼 신성의 전리품에 자신을 장식하려 했을 때 경건의 한 알도 없었다는 것은 분명하다!
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-16-16(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
There is no doubt that God’s counsel provided that the nobles should seal the stone with their own rings, and thus close the mouth of the cave, and render the miracle more illustrious. For when the king approached on the morrow, the rings were all entire, and the seals all unbroken. Thus the preservation of this servant of God was manifestly by the aid of heaven and not by the art of men. Hence we see how boldly the king’s nobles had compelled him to perform their pleasure. For he might seem deprived of all royal power when he delivered up to them a subject dear and faithful to himself, and ordered him to be thrown into the lions’ den. They are not content with this compliance of the king; they extort another point from him — the closing up of the mouth of the cave; and then they all seal the stone, lest any one should release Daniel. We see, then, when once liberty has been snatched away, all is over, especially when any one has become a slave by his own faults, and has attached himself to the counsels of the ungodly. For, at first, such slavery will not prevail as to induce a man to do everything which he is ordered, since he seems to be free; but when he has given himself up to such slavery as I have described, he is compelled to transgress not once or twice, but constantly and without ceasing. For example, if any one swerves from his duty through either the fear of man or flattery, or any other depraved affection, he will grant various things, not only when asked, but when urgently compelled. But when he has once submitted to the loss of freedom, he will be compelled, as I have already said, to consent to the most shameful deeds at the nod of any one. If any teacher or pastor of the Church should turn from the right path through the influence of ambition, the author of his declension will come to him again and say, What! do you dare to refuse me? Did I not obtain from you, yesterday or the day before, whatever I wished? Thus he will be compelled to transgress a second time in favor of the person to whom he has joined himself, and will also be forced to repeat the transgression continually. Thus princes also, who are not free agents through being under the tyranny of others, if they permit themselves to be overcome contrary to their conscience, lay aside all their authority, and are drawn aside in all directions by the will of their subjects. This example, then, is proposed to us in the case of King Darius, who after inflicting unjust punishment upon Daniel, adds this, He must be enclosed in the cave, and then, the stone must be sealed, — and for what object? — lest the doom should be changed; meaning, he did not dare to attempt anything in Daniel’s favor. We see, then, how the king submitted to the greatest disgrace, because his nobles had no confidence in him; they refused to trust him when he ordered Daniel to be thrown into the lions’ den, but they exacted a guarantee against his liberation, and would not suffer him to attempt anything. We thus see how disgracefully they withdrew their confidence from their king; next they use their authority against him, lest he should dare to remove the stone which had been sealed, unless he would incur the charge of falsehood by corrupting the public signatures, and of deception by falsifying the public documents. Hence this passage admonishes us against prostituting ourselves in slavery to the lust of men. Let every one serve his nearest neighbors as far as charity will allow and as custom demands. Meanwhile, no one ought to permit himself to be turned aside in different directions contrary to his conscience, because when he loses his free agency, he will be compelled to endure many affronts and to obey the foulest commands. This we see exemplified in the case of the panders to the avarice, or ambition, or cruelty of princes; for when once they are under the power of such men, they are most miserable victims; they cannot avoid the most extreme necessities, they become wretched slaves, and call down against themselves, a hundred times over, the anger of both God and man. It now follows, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:17 주석
귀족들이 자신들의 반지로 돌을 봉인하고 굴 입구를 닫아 기적을 더욱 빛나게 한 것은 하나님의 섭리가 제공한 것임에 틀림없다. 다음 날 왕이 다가왔을 때 반지들이 모두 그대로였고 인장이 모두 깨지지 않았다. 따라서 이 하나님의 종의 보존이 사람의 술책이 아니라 하늘의 도움으로 명백히 이루어졌다. 이로써 우리는 왕의 귀족들이 어떻게 대담하게 그들의 기쁨을 행하도록 그를 강요했는지를 본다. 그가 자신에게 소중하고 신실한 신하를 그들에게 넘기고 사자 굴에 던지도록 명령했을 때 모든 왕권을 박탈당한 것처럼 보일 수 있었다. 그들은 이 왕의 순응으로 만족하지 않는다. 그들은 또 다른 요점을 강요한다—굴 입구를 막는 것. 그런 다음 그들은 모두 돌에 인장을 찍는다. 아무도 다니엘을 석방하지 못하도록. 이 예에서 주목해야 하는 교훈이 있다. 인간의 욕망에 대한 노예가 되는 데 자신을 팔아버리지 않도록. 각자 자선이 허용하는 한 그리고 관습이 요구하는 한 가장 가까운 이웃을 섬겨야 한다. 그러나 아무도 자신의 양심에 반하여 다른 방향으로 이끌려서는 안 된다. 왜냐하면 자유로운 행위자를 잃을 때, 많은 모욕을 감내하고 가장 불명예스러운 명령에 복종하도록 강요받기 때문이다.
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
Here Daniel relates the tardy repentance of the king, because although he was in the greatest grief, yet he did not correct his fault. And this occurs to many who are not hardened by contempt of God and their own depravity; they are drawn aside by others, and are dissatisfied with their own vices, while they still indulge in them. Would that the examples of this evil were rare in the world! but they occur everywhere before our eyes. Darius therefore is here proposed to us as intermediate between the ungodly and the wicked — the righteous and the holy. The wicked do not hesitate to stir up the Almighty against them, and after they have dismissed all fears and all shame, they revel in their own licentiousness. Those who are ruled by the fear of God, although they sustain hard contests with the flesh, yet impose a check upon themselves, and bridle their perverse affections. Others are between the two, as I have said, not yet obstinate in their malice, and not quite satisfied with their corruption’s, and still they follow them as if bound to them by ropes. Such was Darius; for he ought constantly to have repelled the calumny of his nobles; but when he saw himself so entangled by them, he ought to have opposed them manfully, and to have reproved them for so abusing their influence over him; yet he did not act thus, but rather bent before their fury. Meanwhile he bewails in his palace, and abstains from all food and delicacies. He thus shews his displeasure at the evil conduct at which he connived. We see then how ineffectual it is for our own conscience to smite us when we sin, and to cause us sorrow for our faults; we must go beyond this, so that sorrow may lead us on to repentance, as also Paul teaches us. ( 2 Corinthians 7:10 .) Darius, then, had reduced himself to difficulties; while he bewails his fault, he does not attempt to correct it. This was, indeed, the beginning of repentance, but nothing more; and when he feels any compunction, this stirs him up and allows him neither peace nor comfort. This lesson, then, we are to learn from Daniel’s narrative of King Darius passing the whole of that night in wailing. It follows afterwards, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-004
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:18 주석
여기서 다니엘은 왕의 때늦은 회개를 이야기한다. 그가 가장 큰 슬픔 속에 있었지만 자신의 잘못을 교정하지 않았기 때문이다. 이것은 하나님에 대한 경멸이나 자신의 타락에 굳어지지 않은 많은 사람에게 일어난다. 그들은 다른 이들에게 이끌리고 자신의 악을 스스로 불쾌하게 여기면서도 여전히 그 속에서 방종한다. 이 악의 예들이 세상에서 드물기를 바란다면 좋겠지만, 그것들은 도처에 우리 눈앞에 나타난다. 따라서 다리오는 여기서 불경한 악인들과 의롭고 거룩한 자들 사이의 중간 존재로 제시된다. 악한 자들은 전능자를 자신들에게 맞서게 하는 것을 주저하지 않는다. 모든 두려움과 모든 수치를 내던진 후 자신들의 방종 속에서 방탕하게 즐긴다. 하나님의 두려움에 의해 지배받는 자들은 비록 육신과 힘든 싸움을 하지만 자신들에게 억제를 부과하고 자신들의 비뚤어진 감정을 억제한다. 다른 이들은 내가 말한 것처럼 중간에 있다. 아직 자신들의 악에 완고하지 않고 자신들의 타락에 완전히 만족하지 않으면서도 마치 밧줄에 묶인 것처럼 그것들을 따른다. 다리오가 그러했다. 그는 귀족들의 비방을 지속적으로 물리쳐야 했다. 그러나 그들에게 그처럼 얽혀 있는 것을 보았을 때 용감하게 그들을 대항하고 그처럼 영향력을 남용하는 것에 대해 그들을 꾸짖었어야 했다. 그러나 그는 그렇게 하지 않고 오히려 그들의 분노 앞에 굽혔다. 한편 그는 자신의 궁에서 탄식하며 모든 음식과 진수성찬을 삼간다. 이로써 자신이 묵인한 악한 행동에 대한 자신의 불쾌함을 나타낸다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
Here the king begins to act with a little more consistency, when he approaches the pit. He was formerly struck down by fear as to yield to his nobles, and to forget his royal dignity by delivering himself up to them as a captive. But now he neither dreads their envy nor the perverseness of their discourse. He approaches the lions’ den early in the morning, says he, — that is, at dawn, before it was, light, coming during the twilight, and in haste. Thus we see him suffering under the most bitter grief, which overcomes all his former fears; for he might still have suffered from fear, through remembrance of that formidable denunciation, — Thou wilt no longer enjoy thy supreme command, unless thou dost vindicate thine edict from contempt! But, as I have said, grief overcomes all fear. And yet we are unable to praise either his piety or his humanity; because, though he approaches the cave and calls out, “Daniel!” with a lamentable voice, still he is not yet angry with his nobles till he sees the servant of God perfectly safe. Then his spirits revive, as we shall see; but as yet he persists in his weakness, and is in a middle place between the perverse despisers and the hearty worshippers of God, who follow with an upright intention what they know to be just. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:19 주석
여기서 왕은 굴에 다가갈 때 조금 더 일관성 있게 행동하기 시작한다. 그는 이전에 귀족들에게 굴복하고 그들에게 포로로 자신을 넘기며 자신의 왕의 존엄을 잊어버릴 정도로 두려움에 사로잡혔다. 그러나 이제 그는 그들의 시기도, 그들의 담론의 뒤틀림도 두려워하지 않는다. 그는 일찍, 즉 동이 트기 전에, 여명 동안, 그리고 서둘러 사자 굴에 다가간다고 한다. 이렇게 우리는 그가 가장 쓰라린 슬픔 속에 있으며, 그것이 이전의 모든 두려움을 이긴다는 것을 본다. 그는 여전히 두려움으로 고통받을 수 있었다. 그 무서운 선언을 기억하기 때문이다—네가 칙령이 멸시에서 벗어나도록 하지 않으면 더 이상 최고 명령을 누리지 못할 것이다! 그러나 내가 말한 것처럼 슬픔이 모든 두려움을 이긴다. 그러나 우리는 그의 경건이나 그의 인정을 찬양할 수 없다. 굴에 다가가 "다니엘!"이라고 애통한 목소리로 외치지만, 하나님의 종이 완전히 안전한 것을 볼 때까지 아직 귀족들에게 화를 내지 않는다.
---
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
WANT of time compelled me to break off our last Lecture at the point where Daniel relates how the king approached the cave Now he reports his words, — O Daniel, servant of the living God! thy God whom thou worshipest constantly, has he been able to deliver thee? says he. Darius declares the God of Israel to be the living One. But if there is a living God, he excludes all those imaginary deities whom men fancy for themselves by their own ingenuity. For it is necessary that deity should be one, and this principle is acknowledged by even the profane. However men may be deluded by their dreams, yet they all confess the impossibility of having more gods than one. They distort, indeed, God’s character, but they cannot deny his unity. When Darius uttered this praise of the God of Israel, he confesses all other deities to be mere fictions; but he shews how, as I have said, the profane hold the first principle, but afterwards allow it to escape entirely from their thoughts. This passage does not prove, as some allege, the real conversion of King Darius, and his sincere adoption of true piety; for he always worshipped his own idols, but thought it sufficient if he raised the God of Israel to the highest rank. But, as we know, God cannot admit a companion, for he is jealous of his own glory. ( Isaiah 42:8 .) It was too cold, then, for Darius simply to acknowledge the God whom Daniel worshipped to be superior to all others; because where God reigns, all idols must of necessity be reduced to nothing; as also it is said in the Psalms, Let God reign, and let the gods of all nations fall before him. Darius then proceeded so far as to devote himself to the true and only God, but was compelled to pay the greatest respect to Israel’s God. Meanwhile he always remained sunk in his own superstitions to which he had been accustomed. He afterwards adds, Thy God, whom thou worshipest continually, could he free thee from the lions? He here speaks doubtfully, as unbelievers do, who seem to have some ground for hope, but no firm or sure persuasion in their own minds. I suppose this invocation to be natural, since a certain secret instinct naturally impels men to fly to God; for although scarcely one in twenty leans upon God’s word, yet all men call upon God occasionally. They wish to discover whether God desires to assist them and to aid them in their necessities; meanwhile, as I have said, there is no firm persuasion in their hearts, which was the state of the mind of King Darius. Could God deliver thee? says he; as if God’s power could possibly be doubted! If he had said, Has God delivered thee? this would have been tolerable. For God was not bound by any law to be always snatching his people from death, since, we very well know, this rests entirely with his good pleasure. When, therefore, he permits his people to suffer under the lusts of the impious, his power is by no means diminished, since their liberation depends upon his mere will and pleasure. His power, therefore, ought by no means to be called in question. We observe, that Darius was never truly converted, and never distinctly acknowledged the true and only God, but was seized with a blind fear, which, whether he would or not, compelled him to attribute the supreme honor to Israel’s God. And this was not an ingenuous confession, but was rather extorted from him. It now follows: — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:20 주석
지난 강의에서 시간의 부족으로 다니엘이 왕이 굴에 다가가는 것을 이야기하는 곳에서 끊었다. 이제 그는 왕의 말들을 보고한다—오 다니엘, 살아계신 하나님의 종이여! 네가 항상 섬기는 네 하나님이 너를 사자들에게서 구할 수 있었는가? 다리오는 이스라엘의 하나님이 살아계신 분임을 선언한다. 살아계신 하나님이 있으시다면 그분은 자신들의 독창성으로 상상하는 모든 상상의 신들을 배제하신다. 신성이 하나여야 함은 필연적이며, 이 원리는 불경건한 자들도 인정한다. 비록 사람들이 꿈으로 미혹되더라도 그들 모두는 하나 이상의 신을 가지는 것이 불가능함을 고백한다. 그들은 하나님의 성품을 왜곡하지만 그분의 유일성을 부인할 수 없다. 다리오가 이스라엘의 하나님의 이 찬양을 발했을 때 그는 다른 모든 신들이 단순한 허구임을 고백한다. 그러나 그는 내가 말한 것처럼 불경건한 자들이 첫 번째 원리를 어떻게 보유하지만 이후 그것을 생각에서 완전히 떠나보내는지를 보여준다. 이 구절은 어떤 이들이 주장하는 것처럼 왕 다리오의 진정한 회심과 참된 경건의 진지한 수용을 증명하지 않는다. 그는 항상 자신의 우상들을 예배했지만 이스라엘의 하나님을 최고 지위로 올리는 것으로 충분하다고 생각했다. 그러나 우리가 아는 것처럼 하나님은 동반자를 인정하실 수 없다. 그분은 자신의 영광을 시기하시기 때문이다(사 42:8). 따라서 다리오가 단순히 다니엘이 예배하는 하나님이 다른 모든 신들보다 우월하다고 인정하는 것은 너무 냉담하다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
Here Daniel answers the king moderately and softly, although he had been cast into the cave by his command. He might have deservedly been angry and expostulated with him, because he had been so impiously deserted by him, for King Darius had found him a faithful servant, and had used his services for his own advantage. When he saw himself oppressed by unjust calumnies, the king did not take his part so heartily as he ought; and at length, being overcome by the threats of his nobles, he ordered Daniel to be cast into the pit. Daniel might, as I have said, have complained of the king’s cruelty and perfidy. He does not do this, but is silent concerning this injury, because his deliverance would sufficiently magnify the glory of God. The holy Prophet desired nothing else, except the king’s welfare, which he prays for. Although he uses the ordinary phrase, yet he speaks from his heart, when he says, O king, live for ever! that is, may God protect thy life and bless thee perpetually. Many salute their kings and even their friends in this way through mere form; but there is no doubt that Daniel heartily wished the king the enjoyment of long life and happiness. He afterwards adds, return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-005
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:21 주석
여기서 다니엘은 비록 왕의 명령으로 굴에 던져졌지만 왕에게 절제하며 부드럽게 대답한다. 그는 마땅히 화를 내고 그에게 따질 수 있었다. 그가 그처럼 불경하게 버림받았기 때문이다. 왕 다리오는 그를 신실한 종으로 여겼고 자신의 이익을 위해 그의 봉사를 사용했다. 그가 부당한 비방으로 압제당하는 것을 보았을 때 왕은 그의 입장을 충분히 옹호하지 않았다. 결국 귀족들의 위협에 굴복하여 다니엘을 굴에 던지도록 명령했다. 다니엘은 내가 말한 것처럼 왕의 잔인함과 배신에 대해 불평할 수 있었다. 그는 그렇게 하지 않고 자신에 대한 이 불의에 침묵한다. 왜냐하면 그의 구원이 하나님의 영광을 충분히 빛낼 것이기 때문이다. 거룩한 선지자는 왕의 복지 외에 다른 아무것도 원하지 않았다. 그것을 위해 그는 기도한다. 비록 그가 일반적인 어구를 사용하지만, 오 왕이여, 영원히 사시옵소서!라고 말할 때 마음에서 말한다. 즉 하나님이 왕의 생명을 보호하시고 영원히 복 주시기를. 많은 사람이 단순한 형식으로 왕들과 심지어 친구들에게 이런 식으로 인사하지만, 다니엘이 왕에게 장수와 행복을 진심으로 원했다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
22절 카드 ↗
My God, says he, sent his angel, and shut the lions’ mouths! Thus we see that Daniel openly assigns to angels the duty of rendering assistance, while the whole power remains in the hands of God himself. He says, therefore, that he was freed by the hand and assistance of an angel, but shews how the angel was the agent and not the author of his safety. God, therefore, says he, sent his angel We have often seen how indistinctly the Chaldeans spoke when mentioning the Deity; they called their deities holy, but Daniel here ascribes the entire glory to God alone. He does not bring forward a multitude of deities according to the prevalent opinion among the profane. He puts prominently forward the unity of God; and then he adds the presence of angels as assisting God’s servants, shewing how they perform whatever is enjoined upon them. Thus the whole praise of their salvation remains with the one God, since angels do not assist whomsoever they please, and are not moved by their own will, but solely in obedience to God’s commands. We must now notice what follows: God had shut the lions’ mouths For by these words the Prophet shews how lions and the most cruel beasts are in the hands of God, and are restrained by his secret curb, so that they can neither rage nor commit any injury unless by God’s permission. We may thus learn that savage beasts are only so far injurious to us as God may permit them to humble our pride. Meanwhile, we may perceive that no beast is so cruel as to injure us by either his claws or his teeth, unless God give him the reins. And this instruction is worthy of especial notice, since we tremble at the least danger, even at the noise of a falling leaf. As we are necessarily exposed to many dangers on all sides, and surrounded by various forms of death, hence we should be harassed by wretched anxiety unless this principle supported us; not only is our life under God’s protection, but nothing can injure us while he directs everything by his will and pleasure. And this principle ought to be extended to the devils themselves, and to impious and wicked men, for we know the devil to be always anxious to destroy us, like a roaring lion, for he prowls about seeking whom he may devour, as Peter says in his First Ephstle, ( 1 Peter 5:8 .) For we see how all the impious plot for our destruction continually, and how madly they are inflamed against us. But God, who can close the lion’s mouth, will also both restrain the devil and all the wicked from hurting any one without his permission. Experience also shews us how the devil and all the impious are controlled by him, for we should perish every moment unless he warded off by his opposing influence the numberless evils which ever hang over us. We ought to perceive how the singular protection of God preserves us in daily safety amidst the ferocity and madness of our foes. Daniel says he suffered no loss of any kind, because before God his righteousness was found in him. These words signify that his preservation arose from God wishing to vindicate his own glory and worship which he had commanded in his law. The Prophet does not here boast in his own righteousness, but rather shews how his deliverance arose from God’s wishing to testify by a certain and clear proof his approval of that worship for which Daniel had contended even to death. We see, then, how Daniel refers all things to the approval of the worship of God. The conclusion is, he was the advocate of a pious and holy cause, and prepared to undergo death, not for any foolish imagination, nor by any rash impulse, nor any blind zeal, but because he was assured of his being a worshipper of the one God. His being the defender of the cause of piety and holiness was, as he asserts, the reason of his preservation. This is the correct conclusion. Hence we readily gather the folly of the Papists who, from this and similar passages, endeavor to establish the merit and righteousness of good works. Oh! Daniel was preserved because righteousness was found in him before God; hence God repays every man according to the merits of his works! But we must first consider Daniel’s intention in the narrative before us; for, as I have said, he does not boast in his own merits, but wishes his preservation to be ascribed to the Deity as a testimony to his true and pure worship, so as to shame King Darius, and to shew all his superstitions to be impious, and especially, to admonish him concerning that sacrilegious edict by which he arrogated to himself the supreme command, and, as far as he could, abolished the very existence of God. With the view, then, of admonishing Darius, the Prophet says his cause was just. And to render the solution of the difficulty more easy, we must remark the difference between eternal salvation and special deliverance’s. God frees us from eternal death, and adopts us into the hope of eternal life, not because he finds any righteousness in us but through his own gratuitous choice, and he perfects in us his own work without any respect to our works. With reference to our eternal salvation, our righteousness is by no means regarded, because whenever God examines us, he only finds materials for condemnation. But when we consider particular deliverance’s, he may then notice our righteousness, not as if it were naturally ours, but he stretches forth his hand to those whom he governs by his Spirit and urges to obey his call; and if they incur any danger in their efforts to obey his will, he delivers them. The meaning then is exactly the same as if any one should assert that God favors righteous causes, but it has nothing to do with merits. Hence the Papists trifle, like children, when they use this passage to elicit from it human merits; for Daniel wished to assert nothing but the pure worship of God, as if he had said, not only his reason proceeded from God, but there was another cause for his deliverance, namely, the wish of the Almighty to shew the world experimentally the justice of h
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-005
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:22 주석
나의 하나님이 그의 천사를 보내어 사자들의 입을 막으셨다고 한다! 이로써 우리는 다니엘이 천사들에게 도움을 베푸는 의무를 공개적으로 귀속시키면서도 전체 권능은 하나님 자신의 손에 있음을 본다. 따라서 그는 천사의 손과 도움으로 자유롭게 되었다고 하지만 천사가 그의 안전의 저자가 아니라 행위자였음을 보여준다. 하나님이 따라서 그의 천사를 보내셨다고 한다. 우리는 갈대아인들이 신성을 언급할 때 얼마나 불분명하게 말했는지를 자주 보았다. 그들은 자신들의 신들을 거룩하다고 불렀지만, 다니엘은 여기서 모든 영광을 하나님 홀로에게 돌린다. 그는 불경한 자들 사이의 유행하는 의견에 따라 많은 신들을 앞에 내세우지 않는다. 하나님의 유일성을 두드러지게 내세운다. 그런 다음 하나님의 종들을 돕는 천사들의 임재를 더하며 그들이 맡겨진 것이 무엇이든 행함을 보여준다. 이렇게 구원의 모든 찬양은 한 하나님께 남는다. 천사들은 자신들이 기쁜 대로 누구나 돕지 않으며 자신들의 의지로 움직이지 않고 오직 하나님의 명령에 복종함으로만 움직이기 때문이다. 이제 다음에 이어지는 것을 주목해야 한다. 하나님이 사자들의 입을 막으셨다고 한다. 이 말로 선지자는 사자들과 가장 잔인한 짐승들이 하나님의 손 안에 있으며 그분의 은밀한 억제에 의해 제지되어, 하나님의 허락 없이는 날뛰거나 어떤 해도 가할 수 없다는 것을 보여준다. 이 원리는 악마들 자신과 불경건하고 사악한 자들에게까지 확장되어야 한다. 우리는 마귀가 항상 우리를 멸망시키려 열망한다는 것을 안다. 그러나 베드로가 그의 첫 번째 서신에서 말한 것처럼(벧전 5:8), 사자의 입을 막으실 수 있는 하나님이 또한 마귀와 모든 악한 자들을 그분의 허락 없이 아무에게도 해를 끼치지 못하도록 억제하실 것이다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-22-22(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
Daniel confirms what he had formerly narrated concerning the feelings of King Darius. As he had departed in anxiety to his palace, had abstained from food and drink, and had laid aside all pleasures and delights, so also he rejoiced in hearing of the wonderful deliverance from death of God’s holy servant. He afterwards adds, And by the king’s command Daniel was drawn out of the cave, and no corruption was found in him. This cannot be ascribed to good fortune. Hence God made his power conspicuous in providing for Daniel’s safety from the grasp of the lions. He would have been torn to pieces had not God closed their mouths; and this contributes in no slight degree to magnify the miracle, since no scratch or touch was found upon his body. As the lions then spared him, it arose from God’s secret counsel; and he marked this more clearly, when his calumniators were thrown into the cave, and were immediately torn by the lions, as he will soon add. But we must notice the reason which is given: He was preserved, since he trusted in his God! It will often happen, that a person may have a good cause, and yet succeed badly and unhappily; because he adds to what is otherwise worthy of praise, too great a confidence in his own counsels, prudence, and industry. Hence it is not surprising if those who undertake good causes often fail of success, as we often see among the profane. For the history of all ages bears witness, to the perishing of those who cherish a just cause; but this arises through their perverse confidence, since they never contemplated the service of God, but rather considered their own praise and the applause of the world. Hence, as ambition seized them, they became pleased with their own plans. Thus arose that saying of Brutus, “Virtue is a frivolous thing!” because he thought himself unworthily treated in fighting for the liberty of Rome, while the gods were adverse instead of propitious. As if God ought to have conferred upon him that aid which he had never hoped and never sought. For we know the pride of that hero’s disposition. I bring forward but one example; but if we diligently weigh the motives which impel the profane when they fight strenuously for good objects, we shall find ambition to be the prevailing motive. No wonder then if God deserted them in this particular, since they were unworthy of experiencing his help. For this reason Daniel states, that he was safely preserved, because he trusted in his God. The Apostle refers to this in the eleventh chapter of the Ephstle to the Hebrews, ( Hebrews 11:33 ,) where he says some were snatched away or preserved from the mouths of lions through faith. Hence he assigns the cause of Daniel’s escaping in safety, and recalls us to faith. But we must here consider the meaning and force of the word “believing.” For the Prophet does not simply speak of his deliverance as springing from believing Israel’s God to be the true and only God, the Maker of heaven and earth, but from his committing his life to him, from his reposing on his grace, from his fixed determination that his end must be happy, if he worshipped him. Since, therefore, Daniel was certainly persuaded that his life was in God’s hand, and that his hope in him was not in vain, he boldly incurred danger, and intrepidly suffered for the sincere worship of God; hence he says, he believed in God We see then that the word “belief” is not taken coldly, as the Papists dream, since their notion implies an unfolded or dead and shapeless faith, for they think faith nothing else but a confused apprehension of the Deity. Whenever men have any conception of God at all, the Papists think this to be faith; but the Holy Spirit teaches us far otherwise. For we must consider the language of the Apostle, — We do not properly believe in God, unless we determine him to be a rewarder of all who diligently seek him. ( Hebrews 11:6 .) God is not sought by foolish arrogance, as if by our merits we could confer an obligation upon him; but he is sought by faith, by humility, and by invocation. But when we are persuaded that God is the rewarder of all who seek him, and we know how he ought to be sought, this is true faith. So Daniel did not doubt that God would deliver him, because he did not distrust that teaching of piety which he had learnt from a boy, and through reliance on which he had always called upon God. This, therefore, was the cause of his deliverance. Meanwhile, it is clear that Daniel’s trust in God did not spring from any previous instruction concerning the result; for he rather committed his life to God, since he was prepared for death. Therefore Daniel could not acknowledge this before he was cast into the cave, and exposed to the lions, being ignorant whether God would deliver him, as we previously saw in the case of his companions, “God, if he pleases, will deliver us; but if not, we are prepared to worship Him, and to disobey thy edict.” If Daniel had been taught the issue beforehand, his constancy would not have deserved much praise; but since he was willing to meet death fearlessly for the worship of God, and could deny himself and renounce the world, this is a true and serious proof of his faith and constancy. He believed therefore in God, not because he hoped for such a miracle, but because he knew his own happiness to consist in persisting in the true worship of God. So Paul says, Christ is gain to me, both in life and in death. ( Philippians 1:21 .) Daniel therefore rested in the help of God, but he closed his eyes to the event, and was not remarkably anxious concerning his life, but since his mind was erected towards the hope of a better life, even if he had to die a hundred times, yet he never would have failed in his confidence, because our faith is extended beyond the boundaries of this frail and corruptible life, as all the pious know well enough. What I have already touched upon afterwards follows, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"
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- part_of
pericope/per-dan-6-005
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:23 주석
다니엘은 왕 다리오의 감정에 관해 전에 이야기한 것을 확인한다. 불안한 마음으로 궁으로 돌아가 음식과 음료를 삼가며 모든 즐거움과 기쁨을 제쳐두었던 것처럼, 이제 하나님의 거룩한 종이 죽음에서 놀랍게 구원된 것을 듣고 기뻐한다. 그는 덧붙인다, 왕의 명령으로 다니엘이 굴에서 끌려나왔고 그에게서 어떤 상처도 발견되지 않았다고. 이것은 행운에 귀속될 수 없다. 따라서 하나님은 사자들의 손아귀에서 다니엘의 안전을 제공하는 데 자신의 능력을 드러내셨다. 그가 하나님이 자신들의 입을 막지 않으셨다면 찢겼을 것이다. 이것은 기적을 빛내는 데 적지 않게 기여한다. 그의 몸에서 어떤 흠집이나 접촉도 발견되지 않았기 때문이다. 사자들이 그를 아꼈다면 그것은 하나님의 은밀한 섭리에서 비롯된 것이다. 그의 비방자들이 굴에 던져져 즉시 사자들에게 찢긴 것으로 이것이 더욱 분명히 나타났다. 이제 주어진 이유를 주목해야 한다. 그가 자신의 하나님을 신뢰했으므로 보존되었다! 어떤 좋은 원인을 가지고 있는 자가 자신의 조언과 신중함과 근면에 너무 큰 자신감을 더해서 나쁘고 불행한 결과를 얻는 일이 종종 생긴다. 따라서 좋은 원인을 맡은 자들이 자주 성공하지 못하는 것이 놀랍지 않다. 이 때문에 다니엘은 자신의 하나님을 신뢰했으므로 안전하게 보존되었다고 말한다. 사도는 히브리서 11장에서 이것을 언급한다(히 11:33). 어떤 이들이 믿음으로 사자들의 입에서 빼앗기거나 보존되었다고 한다. 따라서 그는 다니엘이 안전하게 도망친 원인을 귀속시키고 우리를 믿음으로 돌린다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
24절 카드 ↗
By this circumstance God’s virtue shone forth more clearly in preserving Daniel, because those who had accused him were immediately destroyed by the lions. For if any one should say that the lions were satisfied, or there was any other reason why Daniel was not destroyed, why, when he was withdrawn, did such great madness immediately impel those beasts to tear and devour, not one man only, but a great multitude? Not one of the nobles was preserved; next their wives and children were added. Lions scarcely ever proceed to such a pitch of savageness, and yet they all perished to a man; then how did Daniel escape? We surely see how God by this comparison wished to bear witness to his own virtue, lest any one should object that Daniel was left by the lions because they were already gorged, and desired no other prey, for they would have been content with either three or four men; but they devoured men, women, and children. Hence the mouths of the lions were clearly restrained by the divine power, since Daniel was safe during a whole night, but they perished immediately, as soon as they were cast into the cave; because we again see how these beasts were impelled by sudden madness, so that they did not wait till their prey arrived at the bottom, but devoured them as they fell. We shall leave the rest till to-morrow. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-25" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-dan-6-006
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:24 주석
그를 고발한 자들이 즉시 사자들에게 멸망되었으므로 하나님의 덕이 다니엘을 보존하는 데 더욱 분명히 빛났다. 사자들이 배가 불렀거나 다니엘이 멸망되지 않은 다른 이유가 있었다고 누군가 말한다면, 왜 그가 끌려나온 때 즉시 그처럼 큰 광기가 저 짐승들을 충동하여 단 한 사람만이 아니라 많은 군중을 찢어 먹었는가? 귀족들 중 한 명도 살아남지 못했다. 다음으로 그들의 아내들과 자녀들도 더해졌다. 사자들은 거의 그처럼 극도의 난폭함에 이르지 않는다. 그런데 그들 모두가 한 사람도 남김없이 죽었다. 그렇다면 다니엘은 어떻게 도망갔는가? 우리는 하나님이 이 비교로 어떻게 자신의 덕에 대해 증거하기를 원하셨는지를 분명히 본다. 다니엘은 밤새도록 안전했으나 그들은 굴에 던져지자마자 즉시 죽었다. 이 짐승들이 갑작스런 광기에 충동되어 먹이가 바닥에 도달하기를 기다리지 않고 쓰러지는 동안 그들을 삼킨 것을 다시 보기 때문이다.
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원주석
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commentary-section/cal-dan-6-24-24(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
25절 카드 ↗
Here Daniel adds the king’s edict, which he wished to be promulgated. And by this edict he bore witness that he was so moved by the deliverance of Daniel, as to attribute the supreme glory to the God of Israel. Meanwhile, I do not think this a proof of the king’s real piety, as some interpreters here extol King Darius without moderation, as if he had really repented and embraced the pure worship prescribed by the law of Moses. Nothing of this kind can be collected from the words of the edict — and this circumstance shews it — for his empire was never purged from its superstitions. King Darius still allowed his subjects to worship idols; and he did not refrain from polluting himself with such defilement’s; but he wished to place the God of Israel on the highest elevation, thus attempting to mingle fire and water! We have previously discussed this point. For the profane think they discharge their duty to the true God, if they do not openly despise him, but assign him some place or other; and, especially, if they prefer him to all idols, they think they have satisfied God. But this is all futile; for unless they abolish all superstitions, God by no means obtains his right, since he allows of no equals. Hence this passage by no means proves any true and serious piety in King Darius; but it implies simply his being deeply moved by the miracle, and his celebrating through all the regions subject to him the name and glory of the God of Israel. Finally, as this was a special impulse on King Darius, so it did not proceed beyond a particular effect; he acknowledged God’s power and goodness on all sides; but he seized upon that specimen which was placed directly before his eyes. Hence he did not continue to acknowledge the God of Israel by devoting himself to true and sincere piety; but, as I have said, he wished him to be conspicuously superior to other gods, but not to be the only God. But God rejects this modified worship; and thus there is no reason for praising King Darius. Meanwhile his example will condemn all those who profess themselves to be catholic or Christian kings, or defenders of the faith, since they not only bury true piety, but, as far as they possibly can, weaken the whole worship of God, and would willingly extinguish his name from the world, and thus tyrannize over the pious, and establish impious superstitions by their own cruelty. Darius will be a fit judge for them, and the edict here recited by Daniel will be sufficient for the condemnation of them all. He now says, The edict was written for all people, nations, and tongues, who dwell in the whole earth. We see how Darius wished to make known God’s power not only to the neighboring people, but studied to promulgate it far and wide. He wrote not only for Asia and Chaldea, but also for the Medes and Persians. He had never been the ruler of Persia, yet since his father-in-law had received him into alliance in the empire, his authority extended thither. This is the sense of the phrase, the whole earth This does not refer to the whole habitable world, but to that monarchy which extended through almost the entire East, since the Medes and Persians then held the sway from the sea as far as Egypt. When we consider the magnitude of this empire, Daniel may well say, the edict was promulgated through the whole earth. Peace be multiplied unto you! We know how kings in this way soothe their subjects, and use soft persuasions for more easily accomplishing their wishes, and thus obtain the implicit obedience of their subjects. And it is gratuitous on their part to implore peace on their subjects. Meanwhile, as I have already said, they court their favor by these enticements, and thus prepare their subjects to submit to the yoke. By the term “peace,” a state of prosperity is implied; meaning, may you be prosperous and happy. He afterwards adds , the decree is placed in their sight, that is, they display their command before all their subjects. This, then, is the force of the phrase, my edict has been placed; that is, if my authority and power prevail with you, you must thus far obey me; that all may fear, or, that all may be afraid and tremble before the God of Daniel! By fear and terror he means simply reverence, but he speaks as the profane are accustomed to do, who abhor God’s name. He seems desirous of expressing how conspicuous was the power of the God of Israel, which ought properly to impress every one, and induce all to worship with reverence, and fear, and trembling. And this method of speaking is derived from a correct principle; since lawful worship is never offered to God but when we are humbled before him. Hence God often calls himself terrible, not because he wishes his worshippers to approach him with fear, but, as we have said, because the souls of men will never be drawn forth to reverence unless they seriously comprehend his power, and thus become afraid of his judgment. But if fear alone flourishes in men’s minds, they cannot form themselves to piety, since we must consider that passage of the Psalm, “With thee is propitiation that thou mayest be feared.” ( Psalms 130:4 .) God, therefore, cannot be properly worshipped and feared, unless we are persuaded that he may be entreated; nay, are quite sure that he is propitious to us. Yet it is necessary for fear and dread to precede the humiliation of the pride of the flesh. This, then, is the meaning of the phrase, that all should fear or be afraid of the God of Daniel The king calls him so, not because Daniel had fabricated a God for himself, but because he was his only worshipper. We very properly speak of Jupiter as the god of the Greeks, since he was deified by their folly, and hence obtained a name and a celebrity throughout the rest of the world. Meanwhile, Jupiter, and Minerva, and the crowd of false deities received their names from the same origin. There is another reason why King Darius calls the God whom Daniel worshipped Daniel ’ s God, as he is called the God of
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### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:25 주석
여기서 다니엘은 왕이 공포하기를 원했던 칙령을 덧붙인다. 이 칙령으로 그는 다니엘의 구원으로 그처럼 감동받아 이스라엘의 하나님께 최고의 영광을 돌린다는 증거를 남겼다. 그러나 나는 이것이 왕의 진정한 경건의 증거라고 생각하지 않는다. 어떤 해석자들이 마치 다리오가 진정으로 회개하고 모세의 율법에 의해 규정된 순수한 예배를 수용한 것처럼 여기서 왕 다리오를 무절제하게 높이지만 말이다. 칙령의 말에서 이런 것은 전혀 수집될 수 없다. 그의 제국은 미신들에서 결코 정화되지 않았기 때문이다. 왕 다리오는 여전히 신하들이 우상들을 예배하도록 허용했다. 그는 그런 더럽힘으로 자신을 오염시키는 것을 삼가지 않았다. 단지 이스라엘의 하나님을 가장 높은 지위에 두기를 원했을 뿐이다. 불과 물을 섞으려 했던 것이다! 이 점은 이전에 논의했다. 불경건한 자들은 하나님을 공개적으로 경멸하지 않고 어딘가에 자리를 주면, 특히 다른 모든 우상보다 그분을 선호한다면 자신들이 참 하나님에게 의무를 다했다고 생각한다. 그러나 이것은 모두 헛되다. 모든 미신들을 폐하지 않으면 하나님은 결코 자신의 권리를 얻으시지 못한다. 그분이 동등한 자를 허용하지 않으시기 때문이다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-25-25(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
27절 카드 ↗
Secondly, he calls God his deliverer. Those who consider this edict as an illustrious example of piety, will say Darius spoke evangelically as a herald of the mercy of God. But, as we have previously said, Darius never generally embraced what Scripture teaches concerning God’s cherishing his people with clemency, his helping them through his being merciful to them, and nourishing them with a father’s kindness. King Darius knew nothing of this reason. Daniel’s deliverance was well known; this was a particular proof of God’s favor. If Darius had only partially perceived God’s loving-kindness towards his servants, then he would have acknowledged his readiness to preserve and deliver them. This would be too frigid unless the cause was added, — God is a deliverer! since he has deigned to choose his servants, and bears witness to his being their Father, and listens to their prayers, and pardons their transgressions. Unless, therefore, the hope of deliverance is founded on God’s gratuitous adoption and pity, any acknowledgment of him will be but partial and inefficient. Darius, then, does not speak here as if truly and purely instructed in the mercy of God; but he speaks of him only as the deliverer of his own people. He correctly asserts in general, “God is a deliverer,” since he snatched Daniel from the mouth of lions, that is, from their power and fierceness. Darius, I say, reasons correctly, when he derives from one example the more extensive doctrine concerning the power of God to preserve and snatch away his people whenever he pleases; meanwhile, he acknowledges God’s visible power in a single act, but he does not understand the principal cause and fountain of God’s affection to Daniel to be, his belonging to the sons of Abraham, and his paternal favor in preserving him. Hence this instruction should profit us and touch our minds effectually, since God is our deliverer; and, in the first place, we must confess ourselves to be admitted to favor on the condition of his pardoning us, and not treating us according to our deserts, but indulging us as sons through his amazing liberality. This then is the true sense. He afterwards says, he performs signs and wonders in heaven and earth! This ought to be referred to power and dominion, as previously mentioned; but Darius always considers the events before his eyes. He had seen Daniel dwelling safely with lions, and all the rest destroyed by them; these were manifest proofs of God’s power; hence he properly asserts, he performs signs and wonders. But there is no doubt, that Darius was admonished by the other signs which had taken place before he possessed the monarchy; he had doubtless heard what had happened to King Nebuchadnezzar, and then to King Belshazzar, whom Darius had slain when he seized his kingdom. He collects, therefore, more testimonies to God’s power, for the purpose of illustrating his glory in the preservation of Daniel. In short, if Darius had renounced his superstitions, the confession of his piety would have been pure, and full, and ingenuous; but because he did not forsake the worship of his false gods, and continued his attachment to their pollution, his piety cannot deserve our praise, and his true and serious conversion cannot be collected from his edict. This is the complete sense. It now follows: return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-28" class="com-number"
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### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:27 주석
둘째로 그는 하나님을 자신의 구원자라 부른다. 이 칙령을 경건의 탁월한 예로 여기는 자들은 다리오가 하나님의 자비의 전령으로 복음적으로 말했다고 할 것이다. 그러나 이전에 말한 것처럼 다리오는 성경이 하나님이 자비로 자신의 백성을 소중히 여기시고, 그분에게 자비롭게 됨으로써 그들을 돕으시며, 아버지의 친절로 그들을 기르신다고 가르치는 것을 일반적으로 결코 수용하지 않았다. 왕 다리오는 이 이유를 전혀 알지 못했다. 다니엘의 구원이 잘 알려졌다. 이것은 하나님의 호의의 특별한 증거였다. 만약 다리오가 하나님의 종들에게 대한 하나님의 사랑을 부분적으로만 인식했다면, 그는 그분이 그들을 보존하고 구하는 데 준비되어 있음을 인정했을 것이다. 이것은 원인이 더해지지 않으면 너무 냉담할 것이다—하나님이 구원자이시다! 그분이 자신의 종들을 선택하기를 기뻐하시고 그들의 아버지이심을 증거하시며 그들의 기도를 들으시고 그들의 죄를 용서하시기 때문이다. 따라서 구원의 소망이 하나님의 무상의 입양과 자비에 기반하지 않는 한, 그분을 어떤 인정도 부분적이고 비효율적일 것이다. 다리오는 따라서 여기서 하나님의 자비 안에서 진실로 순수하게 교훈받은 것처럼 말하지 않는다. 단지 자신의 백성의 구원자로서만 말한다. 그는 하나님이 일반적으로 구원자이시다라고 올바르게 주장한다. 그분이 다니엘을 사자들의 입, 즉 그들의 권능과 사나움에서 건져내셨기 때문이다.
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원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-dan-6-27-27(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
28절 카드 ↗
The word צלח , tzelech, properly signifies to “pass over,” and the signification is here metaphorical, in the sense of being prosperous. There is no doubt, however, of there being a silent contrast between the kingdom of the Persians and the Chaldean monarchy, that is, to speak more concisely and clearly, between the twofold condition of Daniel. For, as we have said, he was for some time in obscurity under Nebuchadnezzar; when this monarchy was about to perish he became conspicuous; and throughout the whole period of the reign of the Chaldeans he was obscure and contemptible. All indeed had heard of him as a remarkable and illustrious Prophet, but he was rejected from the palace. At one time he was seated at the king’s gate, in great honor and respect, and then again he was cast out. During the continuance of the Chaldee monarchy, Daniel was not held in any esteem; but under that of the Medes and Persians he prospered, and was uniformly treated with marked respect, for Cyrus and Darius were not so negligent as instantly to forget the wonderful works of God performed by his hand. Hence the word “passing through,” pleases me, since, as I have said, it is a mark of the continual possession of honor; for not only King Darius, but also Cyrus exalted him and raised him into the number of his nobles, when he heard of his favor. It is clear that he left Babylon and went elsewhere. Very probably he was not long among the Medes, for Darius or Cyaxares died without any heirs, and then his whole power passed to Cyrus alone, who was his nephew, through his sister, and his son-in-law being his daughter’s husband. No doubt, Daniel here commends God’s favor and kindness towards himself, because this was not the usual solace of exile, to obtain the highest favor among foreign and barbarous nations, or attain the largest share of their honor and reverence. God, therefore, alleviated his sorrow by this consolation in his exile. Hence Daniel here not only regards himself in his private capacity, but also the object of his dignity. For God wished his name to be spread abroad and celebrated over all those regions through which Daniel was known, since no one could behold without remembering the power and glory of Israel’s God. Daniel, therefore, wished to mark this. On the other hand also, no doubt, it was a matter of grief to him to be deprived of his country, not like the rest of mankind, but because the land of Canaan was the peculiar inheritance of God’s people. When Daniel was snatched away and led off to a distance, as far as Media and Persia, without the slightest hope of return, there is no doubt that he suffered continual distress. Nor was the splendor of his station among the profane of such importance as to induce him to prefer it to that pledge of God’s favor and paternal adoption in the land of Canaan. He had doubtless inscribed on his heart that passage of David’s, “I had rather be in the court of the Lord, than in the midst of the greatest riches of the ungodly: then, I had rather be a despised one in the house of God, than to dwell in the tents of the unrighteous.” ( Psalms 84:10 .) Thus Daniel had been taught. Ezekiel, too, properly includes him among the three most holy men who have lived since the beginning of the world. ( Ezekiel 14:14 .) (320) This was of the greatest moment; for when he was a youth, or at least but middle aged, he was joined with Job and Noah, and was the third in rare and almost incredible sanctity! Since this was his character, he was no doubt affected with the greatest sorrow when he perceived himself subject to perpetual exile, without the slightest hope of return, and of being able to worship God in his temple and to offer sacrifice with the rest. But lest he should be ungrateful to God, he desires to express his sense of the uncommon benevolence with which, though an exile and a stranger, and subject to reproach among other captives, he was treated and even honored among the Medes and Persians. This, therefore, is the simple meaning of the passage. It is quite clear, as I have lately said, that Cyrus, after the death of Darius, succeeded to the whole monarchy; and we shall afterwards see in its proper place how Daniel dwelt with Cyrus, who reigned almost thirty years longer. Thus, a long time intervened between his death and that of Darius. This, therefore, did not occur without the remarkable counsel of God, since the change in the kingdom did not influence the position of Daniel, as it usually does. For new empires we know to be like turning the world upside down. But Daniel always retained his rank, and thus God’s goodness was displayed in him, and wherever he went he carried with him this testimony of God’s favor. I shall not proceed further, as we shall discuss a new prophecy to-morrow. (320) See Dissertation, Number 25, at the close of this Volume. return to ' Top of Page ' Daniel Dan 5 Daniel Dan Daniel Dan 7 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Daniel 6". 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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
### 칼빈의 다니엘 6:28 주석
'체레흐'라는 단어는 본래 "지나가다"를 의미하며 여기서 의미는 번성하다는 것이다. 그러나 페르시아인들의 왕국과 갈대아의 왕국 사이에, 즉 더 간결하고 분명하게 말하자면 다니엘의 두 가지 상태 사이에 침묵의 대조가 있음을 의심하지 않는다. 우리가 말한 것처럼 그는 한동안 느부갓네살 아래서 어둠 속에 있었다. 이 왕국이 멸망하려 할 때 그는 유명해졌다. 갈대아인들의 통치 전 기간 동안 그는 어둡고 보잘것없었다. 모든 사람이 그를 탁월하고 훌륭한 선지자로 들었지만 그는 궁에서 거부되었다. 한때는 큰 영예와 존중으로 왕의 대문에 앉았다가 다시 내쫓겼다. 갈대아 왕국의 지속 기간 동안 다니엘은 어떤 존중도 받지 못했다. 그러나 메대와 바사의 왕국 아래서 그는 번성했고 한결같이 두드러진 존중으로 대우받았다. 고레스와 다리오는 그의 손으로 행해진 하나님의 놀라운 역사들을 즉시 잊을 만큼 태만하지 않았기 때문이다. 따라서 "지나가다"라는 단어가 내게 기쁜 것은 내가 말한 것처럼 그것이 지속적인 영예의 소유를 표시하기 때문이다. 왕 다리오만이 아니라 고레스도 그를 높이고 그의 호의에 대해 들었을 때 귀족의 수에 넣었다. 다니엘이 바벨론을 떠나 다른 곳으로 갔음은 분명하다. 아마도 그는 오래 메대인들 사이에 있지 않았을 것이다. 다리오나 키악사레스가 후계자 없이 죽었고, 그런 다음 그의 모든 권력이 조카이자 딸의 남편인 사위 고레스에게 단독으로 넘어갔기 때문이다. 다니엘은 여기서 자신을 향한 하나님의 호의와 친절을 기린다. 포로의 일반적인 위로가 외국 야만인들 사이에서 최고의 호의를 얻거나 그들의 최대 몫의 영예와 경의를 얻는 것이 아니었기 때문이다. 하나님이 따라서 이 위로로 그의 포로 생활의 슬픔을 달래셨다. 따라서 다니엘은 여기서 단지 자신의 사적인 형편만을 고려하는 것이 아니라 자신의 존엄의 목적도 고려한다. 하나님이 다니엘이 알려진 모든 지역에 그분의 이름이 퍼지고 기념되기를 원하셨기 때문이다. 아무도 이스라엘의 하나님의 능력과 영광을 기억하지 않고는 그를 볼 수 없었다.
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- part_of
- — Calvin's Commentaries (PD)
- evidence_grade: T_theological
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commentary-section/cal-dan-6-28-28(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역