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The Prophet mentions here the year, the month, and the day in which he began to rouse up the people from their sloth and idleness, by the command of God; for every one studied his own domestic interest, and had no concern for building the Temple. This happened, he says, in the second year of Darius the king . Interpreters differ as to this time; for they do not agree as to the day or year in which the Babylonian captivity began. Some date the beginning of the seventy years at the ruin which happened under Jeconiah, before the erasing of the city, and the destruction of the Temple. It is, however, probable, that a considerable time had passed before Haggai began his office as a Prophet; for Babylon was taken twenty years, or little more, before the death of king Cyrus; his son Cambyses, who reigned eight years, succeeded him. The third king was Darius, the son of Hystaspes, whom the Jews will have to be the son of Ahasuerus by Esther; but no credit is due to their fancies; for they hazard any bold notion in matters unknown, and assert anything that may come to their brains or to their mouths; and thus they deal in fables, and for the most part without any semblance of truth. It may be sufficient for us to understand, that this Darius was the son of Hystaspes, who succeeded Cambyses, (for I omit the seven months of the Magi; for as they crept in by deceit, so shortly after they were destroyed;) and it is probable that Cambyses, who was the first-born son of Cyrus, had no male heir. Hence it was that his brother being slain by the consent of the nobles, the kingdom came to Darius. He, then, as we may learn from histories, was the third king of the Persians. Daniel says, in the Daniel 5:0 , that the city of Babylon had been taken by Cyrus, but that Darius the Mede reigned there. But between writers there is some disagreement on this point; though all say that Cyrus was king, yet Xenophon says, that Cyaxares was ever the first, so that Cyrus sustained only the character, as it were, of a regent. But Xenophon, as all who have any judgement, and are versed in history, well know, did not write a history, but fabled most boldly according to his own fancy; for he invents the tale that Cyrus was brought up by his maternal grandfather, Astyages. But it is evident enough that Astyages had been conquered in war by Cyrus. (127) He says also that Cyrus married a wife a considerable time after the taking of Babylon, and that she was presented to him by his uncle Cyaxares, but that he dared not to marry her until he returned to Persia, and his father Cambyses approved of the marriage. Here Xenophon fables, and gives range to his own invention, for it was not his purpose to write a history. He is a very fine writer, it is true; but the unlearned are much mistaken who think that he has collected all the histories of the world. Xenophon is a highly approved philosopher, but not an approved historian; for it was his designed object fictitiously to relate as real facts what seemed to him most suitable. He fables that Cyrus died in his bed, and dictated a long will, and spoke as a philosopher in his retirement; but Cyrus, we know, died in the Scythian war, and was slain by the queen, Tomyris, who revenged the death of her son; and this is well known even by children. Xenophon, however, as he wished to paint the image of a perfect prince, says that Cyrus died in his bed. We cannot then collect from the Cyropaeda , which Xenophon has written, anything that is true. But if we compare the historians together, we shall find the following things asserted almost unanimously:—That Cambyses was the son of Cyrus; that when he suspected his younger brother he gave orders to put him to death; that both died without any male issue; and that on discovering the fraud of the Magi, (128) the son of Hystaspes became the third king of the Persian. Daniel calls Darius, who reigned in Babylon, the Mede; but he is Cyaxares. This I readily admit; for he reigned by sufferance, as Cyrus willingly declined the honor. And Cyrus, though a grandson of Astyages, by his daughter Mandane, was yet born of a father not ennobled; for Astyages, having dreamt that all Asia would be covered by what proceeded from his daughter, was easily induced to marry her to a stranger. When, therefore, he gave her to Cambyses, his design was to drive her to a far country, so that no one born of her should come to so great an empire: this was the advice of the Magi. Cyrus then acquired a name and reputation, no doubt, only by his own efforts; nor did he venture at first to take the name of a king, but suffered his uncle, and at the same time his father-in-law, to reign with him; and yet he was his colleague only for two years; for Cyasares lived no longer than the taking of Babylon. I come then now to our Prophet: he says, In the second year of Darius it was commanded to me by the Lord to reprove the sloth of the people. We may readily conclude that more than twenty years had elapsed since the people began to return to their own country. (129) Some say thirty or forty years, and others go beyond that number; but this is not probable. Some say that the Jews returned to their country in the fifty-eighth year of their captivity; but this is not true, and may be easily disproved by the words of Daniel as well as by the history of Ezra. Daniel says in the ninth chapter Daniel 9:1 that he was reminded by God of the return of the people when the time prescribed by Jeremiah was drawing nigh. And as this happened not in the first year of Darius, the son of Hystaspes, but about the end of the reign of Belshasar before Babylon was taken, it follows that the time of the exile was then fulfilled. We have also this at the beginning of the history, ‘When seventy years were accomplished, God roused the spirit of Cyrus the king.’ We hence see that Cyrus had not allowed the free return of the people but at the time predicted by Jeremiah, and according to what Isaiah had previousl
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pericope/per-hag-1-001
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 하나님의 명령으로 백성을 그들의 게으름과 무기력에서 일깨우기 시작한 해와 월과 날을 언급한다. 모든 사람이 자신의 가정 이익을 돌보느라 성전 건축에 대해 아무 관심이 없었기 때문이다. 이것이 다리우스 왕 제이년에 일어났다고 그는 말한다.
해석자들은 이 시간에 대해 의견이 다르다. 바벨론 포로가 시작된 날이나 해에 대해 동의하지 않기 때문이다. 일부는 칠십 년의 시작을 여고냐 아래 일어난 폐허, 즉 도시가 지워지기 전, 성전이 파괴되기 전에 맞춘다. 그러나 학개가 선지자 직분을 시작하기 전에 상당한 시간이 지났을 가능성이 높다. 바벨론은 키루스 왕이 죽기 약 이십 년 전에 함락되었기 때문이다. 그의 아들 캄비세스가 그를 이어 팔 년 동안 통치했다. 세 번째 왕이 히스타스페스의 아들 다리우스였는데, 유대인들은 이 다리우스가 에스더에게서 아하수에로가 낳은 아들이라고 주장한다. 그러나 그들의 공상에 신뢰를 두어서는 안 된다. 그들은 미지의 일에서 어떤 대담한 견해도 주저하지 않고, 자신들의 뇌나 입에 떠오르는 것은 무엇이든 단언한다.
따라서 이 다리우스가 히스타스페스의 아들로 캄비세스를 이었다는 것을 이해하는 것으로 충분하다. (나는 마기들의 칠 개월을 생략한다. 그들이 속임수로 들어왔다가 곧 멸망했기 때문이다.) 캄비세스가 키루스의 장자였으나 남자 후계자가 없었을 가능성이 높다. 그래서 귀족들의 동의로 그의 형제가 살해된 후, 왕국이 다리우스에게 돌아갔다. 역사에서 배울 수 있듯이 그가 페르시아의 세 번째 왕이었다.
다니엘은 5장에서 바벨론 도성이 키루스에게 점령되었지만, 메데 사람 다리우스가 거기서 통치했다고 말한다. 그러나 기록자들 사이에 이 점에 대해 어느 정도 의견 불일치가 있다. 모두가 키루스가 왕이었다고 말하지만, 크세노폰은 키악사레스가 항상 첫째였다고 말한다. 그러나 크세노폰은 역사를 기록하지 않고 자신의 공상에 따라 매우 대담하게 꾸며낸 것이다.
이제 우리 선지자에게 온다. 그는 "다리우스 제이년에 주님이 내게 명하여 백성의 게으름을 책망하라고 하셨다"고 말한다. 백성이 자국으로 돌아가기 시작한 지 이십 년 이상이 지났음을 쉽게 결론 내릴 수 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hag-1-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
2절 카드 ↗
They who think that seventy years had not passed until the reign of Darius, may from this passage be easily disproved: for if the seventy years were not accomplished, an excuse would have been ready at hand,—that they had deferred the work of building the Temple; but it was certain, that the time had then elapsed, and that it was owing to their indifference that the Temple was not erected, for all the materials were appropriated to private uses. While then they were thus taking care of themselves and consulting their own interest, the building of the Temple was neglected. That the Temple was not built till the reign of Darius, this happened, as we have said, from another cause, because the prefects of king Cyrus gave much annoyance to the Jews, and Cambyses was most hostile to them. But when liberty was restored to them, and Darius had so kindly permitted them to build the Temple, they had no excuse for delay. It is however probable that they had then many disputes as to the time; for it may have been, that they seizing on any pretext to cover their sloth, made this objection,—that many difficulties had occurred, because they had been too precipitate, and that they had thus been punished for their haste, because they had rashly undertaken the building of the Temple: and we may also suppose that they took another view of the time as having not yet come, for easily might this objection occur to them,—“It is indeed true that the worship of God is deservedly to be preferred to all other things; but the Lord grants us this indulgence, so that we are allowed to build our own houses; and in the meantime we attend to the sacrifices. Have not our fathers lived many ages without a Temple? God was then satisfied with a sanctuary: there is now an altar erected, and there sacrifices are offered. The Lord then will forgive us if we defer the building of the Temple to a suitable time. But in the meantime every one may build his own house, so that afterwards the Temple may at leisure be built more sumptuously.” However this may have been, we find that true which I have often stated,—that the Jews were so taken up with their own domestic concerns, with their own ease, and with their own pleasures, that they made very little account of God’s worship. This is the reason why the Prophet was so greatly displeased with them. He declares what they said, This people say, The time is not yet come to build the house of Jehovah (132) He repeats here what the Jews were wont to allege in order to disguise their sloth, after having delayed a long time, and when they could not, except through consummate effrontery, adduce anything in their own defense. We however see, that they hesitated not to promise pardon to themselves. Thus also do men indulge themselves in their sins, as though they could make an agreement with God and pacify him with some frivolous things. We see that this was the case then. But we may also see here, as in a mirror, how great is the ingratitude of men. The kindness of God had been especially worthy of being remembered, the glory of which ought to have been borne in mind to the end of time: they had been restored from exile in a manner beyond what they had ever expected. What ought they to have done, but to have devoted themselves entirely to the service of their deliverer? But they built, no, not even a tent for God, and sacrificed in the open air; and thus they wilfully trifled with God. But at the same time they dwelt at ease in houses elegantly fitted up. And how is the case at this day? We see that through a remarkable miracle of God the gospel has shone forth in our time, and we have emerged, as it were, from the abodes below. Who does now rear up, of his own free-will, an altar to God? On the contrary, all regard what is advantageous only to themselves; and while they are occupied with their own concerns, the worship of God is cast aside; there is no care, no zeal, no concern for it; nay, what is worse, many make gain of the gospel, as though it were a lucrative business. No wonder then, if the people have so basely disregarded their deliverance, and have almost obliterated the memory of it. No less shameful is the example witnessed at this day among us. But we may hence also see how kindly God has provided for his Church; for his purpose was that this reproof should continue extant, that he might at this day stimulate us, and excite our fear as well as our shame. For we also thus grow frigid in promoting the worship of God, whenever we are led to seek only our own advantages. We may also add, that as God’s temple is spiritual, our fault is the more atrocious when we become thus slothful; since God does not bid us to collect either wood, or stones, or cement, but to build a celestial temple, in which he may be truly worshipped. When therefore we become thus indifferent, as that people were thus severely reproved, doubtless our sloth is much more detestable. We now see that the Prophet not only spoke to men of his age, but was also destined, through God’s wonderful purpose, to be a preacher to us, so that his doctrine sounds at this day in our ears, and reproves our torpor and ungrateful indifference: for the building of the spiritual temple is deferred, whenever we become devoted to ourselves, and regard only what is advantageous to us individually. We shall go on with what follows tomorrow. (132) The words literally are,— This people say, Not come is the time, The time for the house of Jehovah to be built. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-hag-1-001
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Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
칠십 년이 다리우스의 통치까지 지나지 않았다고 생각하는 이들은 이 본문에서 쉽게 반박될 수 있다. 칠십 년이 아직 지나지 않았다면, 변명거리가 바로 있었을 것이기 때문이다—그들이 성전 건축 일을 미뤘다고. 그러나 그 시간이 이미 지나갔고, 성전이 세워지지 않은 것은 그들의 무관심 때문이었으며, 모든 자재가 사적 용도로 전용되었다는 것이 확실했다.
그들이 이처럼 자신들을 돌보고 자신들의 이익을 챙기는 동안, 성전 건축이 소홀히 되었다. 성전이 다리우스 통치까지 지어지지 않은 것은 우리가 말했듯이 다른 이유에서였다. 키루스 왕의 장관들이 유대인들에게 많은 방해를 주었고, 캄비세스는 그들에게 매우 적대적이었기 때문이다. 그러나 자유가 그들에게 회복되고 다리우스가 그처럼 친절하게 성전 건축을 허가했을 때, 그들은 지체할 변명이 없었다.
그러나 그들이 당시 시간에 대해 많은 논쟁을 했을 것이 개연성 있다. 그들이 게으름을 덮기 위해 어떤 구실이라도 잡으려 했을 것이기 때문이다. "하나님의 때가 아직 오지 않았다." 그들은 이렇게 말했을 것이다—"하나님의 예배가 모든 것보다 우선되어야 한다는 것은 사실이다. 그러나 주님이 우리에게 이 관용을 베푸셔서 우리 자신의 집을 짓는 것을 허락하셨다. 그 사이에 우리는 제사를 드린다. 우리 조상들이 성전 없이 여러 세대를 살지 않았나? 하나님이 그때는 성소로 만족하셨다. 이제 제단이 세워지고 제사가 드려진다. 성전 건축을 적절한 시간으로 미룬다면 주님이 용서해 주실 것이다. 그 사이에 모든 이가 자신의 집을 짓고, 나중에 성전이 한가롭게 더 화려하게 지어질 수 있을 것이다."
어찌되었든 내가 자주 말한 것이 사실임을 우리는 발견한다—유대인들이 자신들의 가정 일, 자신들의 편안함, 자신들의 즐거움에 너무 몰두하여 하나님의 예배를 거의 중요하게 여기지 않았다는 것. 이것이 선지자가 그들에게 크게 불쾌하게 여긴 이유다. 그는 그들이 말한 것을 선언한다—"이 백성이 말하기를, 여호와의 집을 지을 때가 아직 오지 않았다."
이로써 선지자는 유대인들이 오랫동안 지체한 후, 오만함 없이는 자신들의 방어를 위해 아무것도 제시할 수 없었을 때, 자신들의 게으름을 감추기 위해 내세우던 것을 반복한다. 그러나 우리는 그들이 스스로 용서를 약속하기를 주저하지 않았음을 본다. 이처럼 사람들은 마치 하나님과 협정을 맺고 사소한 것들로 그분을 달랠 수 있는 것처럼 자신들의 죄에 탐닉한다.
이 본문에서 우리는 또한 거울에서처럼 인간의 배은망덕이 얼마나 큰지 본다. 하나님의 친절이 특히 기억할 만한 것이었고, 그 영광이 모든 시대의 끝까지 기억되어야 할 것이었다. 그들이 포로에서 자신들이 결코 기대하지 않은 방식으로 회복되었다. 그들이 자신들의 구원자의 섬김에 전적으로 헌신하는 것 외에 무엇을 해야 했는가? 그러나 그들은 하나님을 위해 천막 하나도 짓지 않고, 야외에서 제사를 드렸다. 그리고 동시에 그들은 우아하게 꾸며진 집에서 편안히 살았다.
오늘날은 어떠한가? 우리는 하나님의 놀라운 기적으로 복음이 우리 시대에 빛나고, 우리가 마치 저승의 처소에서 나온 것처럼 되었다. 이제 누가 하나님을 위한 제단을 자진하여 세우는가? 반대로 모든 이가 자신에게 유익한 것만 돌본다. 자신의 일들에 몰두하는 동안 하나님의 예배는 내버려진다. 아무 관심, 아무 열심, 아무 염려가 없다. 아니 더 나쁜 것은 많은 이들이 복음을 마치 수익 사업인 것처럼 이익을 취한다. 따라서 백성이 자신들의 구원을 그처럼 비열하게 무시하고 거의 그 기억을 지워버린 것이 놀랍지 않다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hag-1-2-2(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
5절 카드 ↗
Here the Prophet deals with the refractory people according to what their character required; for as to those who are teachable and obedient, a word is enough for them; but they who are perversely addicted to their sins must be more sharply urged, as the Prophet does here; for he brings before the Jews the punishments by which they had been already visited. It is commonly said, that experience is the teacher of fools; and the Prophet has this in view in these words, apply your hearts to your ways ; (135) that is, “If the authority of God or a regard for him is of no importance among you, at least consider how God deals with you. How comes it that ye are famished, that both heaven and earth deny food to you? Besides, though ye consume much food, it yet does not satisfy you. In a word, how is it that all things fade away and vanish in your hands? How is this? Ye cannot otherwise account for it, but that God is displeased with you. If then ye will not of your own accord obey God’s word, let these judgements at least induce you to repent.” It was to apply the heart to their ways, when they acknowledged that they were thus famished, not by chance, but that the curse of God urged them, or was suspended over their heads. He therefore bids them to receive instruction from the events themselves, or from what they were experiencing; and by these words the Prophet more sharply teaches them; as though he had said, that they profited nothing by instruction and warning, and that it remained as the last thing, that they were to be drawn by force while the Lord was chastising them. (135) Literally it is, “Set your heart on your ways.” An idiomatic phrase, but very expressive. They were to fix their attention on their conduct, not merely to take a glance, but seriously and steadily to reflect on their ways. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-hag-1-001
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 반역하는 백성을 그들의 성격이 필요로 하는 것에 따라 다룬다. 순종하고 따르는 자들에게는 한 마디로 충분하지만, 자신들의 죄에 완악하게 빠진 자들은 선지자가 여기서 하듯이 더 날카롭게 촉구해야 한다. 그는 유대인들 앞에 그들이 이미 당한 형벌들을 제시한다. "경험이 바보의 스승"이라는 말이 있다. 선지자는 이 말들에서 이것을 염두에 두고 있다. "너희의 길을 살피라." 즉, "하나님의 권위나 그분에 대한 존중이 너희 가운데 중요하지 않다면, 적어도 하나님이 너희를 어떻게 대하시는지 생각하라. 어떻게 너희가 굶주리고, 하늘과 땅이 너희에게 음식을 거부하는 것인가? 더 나아가, 비록 너희가 많은 음식을 소비해도 그것이 너희를 만족시키지 못한다. 한마디로, 어떻게 모든 것이 너희의 손에서 사라지는 것인가? 어떻게 이런 일이? 하나님이 너희에게 불쾌하시다는 것 외에 달리 설명할 수 없다. 따라서 자원하여 하나님의 말씀에 순종하지 않는다면, 적어도 이 심판들이 너희를 회개하게 하라."
길을 살피는 것은, 이처럼 굶주리는 것이 우연이 아니라 하나님의 저주가 그들을 재촉하거나 그들의 머리 위에 매달려 있음을 인정할 때였다. 선지자는 사건들 자체에서, 혹은 그들이 경험하고 있는 것에서 교훈을 받도록 그들에게 명한다. 이 말들로 선지자는 그들을 더 날카롭게 가르친다. 마치 그가 말하는 것처럼—교훈과 경고로 아무것도 얻지 못했고, 주님이 그들을 징계하시는 동안 강제로 이끌리는 것이 마지막으로 남은 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hag-1-5-5(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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He says that they had sown much , and that small was the produce . They who render the clause in the future tense, wrest the meaning of the Prophet: for why did he say, apply your heart to your ways, if he only denounced a future punishment? But, as I have already stated, he intimates, that they very thoughtlessly champed the bridle, for they perceived not that all their evils were inflicted by God’s hand, nor did they regard his judgement as righteous. Hence he says, that they had sowed much, and that the harvest had been small; and then, that they ate and were not satisfied ; that they drank and had not their thirst quenched ; that they clothed themselves and were not warmed . How much soever they applied those things which seemed necessary for the support of life, they yet availed them nothing. And God, we know, does punish men in these two ways either by withdrawing his blessings, by rendering the earth and and the heavens dry; or by making the abundant produce unsatisfying and even useless. It often happens that men gather what is sufficient for support, and yet they are always hungry. It is a kind of curse, which appears very evident when God takes away their nourishing power from bread and wine, so that they supply no support to man. When therefore fruit, and whatever the earth produces for the necessities of man, give no support, God proves, as it were by an outstretched arm, that he is an avenger. But the other curse is more frequent; that is, when God smites the earth with drought, so that it produces nothing. But our Prophet refers to both these kinds of evils. Behold, he says, Ye have sown much and ye gather little ; and then he says, Though ye are supplied with the produce of wine and corn, yet with eating and drinking ye cannot satisfy yourselves; nay, your very clothes do not make you warm. They might have had a sure hope of the greatest abundance, had they not broken off the stream of God’s favor by their sins. Were they not then extremely blind this experience must have awakened them, according to what is said in the Joel 1:0 . He says at the end of the verse, He who gains wages, gains then for a perforated bag . By these words he reminds them, that the vengeance of God could not only be seen in the sterility of the earth, and in the very hunger of men, who by eating were not satisfied; but also in their work, for they wearied themselves much without any profit, as even the money cast into the bag disappeared. Hence he says, even your work is in vain. It was indeed a most manifest proof of God’s wrath, when their money, though laid up, yet vanished away. (136) We now see what the Prophet means: As his doctrine appeared frigid to the Jews and his warnings were despised, he treats them according to the perverseness of their disposition. Hence he shows, that though they disregarded God and his Prophets, they were yet sufficiently taught by his judgements, and that still they remained indifferent. He therefore goads them, as though they were asses, that they might at length acknowledge that God was justly displeased with them, and that his wrath was conspicuous in the sterility of the land, as well as in everything connected with their life; for whether they did eat or abstained from food, they were hungry; and when they diligently labored and gathered wages, their wages vanished, as though they had cast them into a perforated bag. It follows— (136) There seems to be an irregularity in the construction of the whole verse. Literally it is as follows— Ye have sown much, but the coming in is little; There is eating, but not to satisfaction; They drink, but not to fullness; There is clothing, but there is no warmth in it; And earn does the earner for a perforated bag. This change in the mode of construction takes away the monotony which would have otherwise appeared. The word [ הבא ], [ אכול ], and [ לבוש ], are not infinitives, as some suppose, but participles used as nouns; which is often the case in Hebrew, as well as in Welsh, and often too in English, such as teaching, drinking, clothing, etc.— Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
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pericope/per-hag-1-001
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 그들이 많이 씨를 뿌렸으나 생산량이 적었다고 말한다. 이 절을 미래 시제로 번역하는 이들은 선지자의 의미를 왜곡한다. 만약 미래 형벌만을 선포했다면 왜 "너희의 길을 살피라"고 말했겠는가? 그러나 내가 이미 말했듯이, 그는 그들이 매우 경솔하게 재갈을 씹었다는 것을 암시한다. 모든 악들이 하나님의 손으로 집행되었음을 인지하지 못했고, 그분의 심판이 의롭다고 여기지 않았기 때문이다.
따라서 그는 그들이 많이 씨를 뿌렸으나 추수가 적었다고 말한다. 그런 다음 먹어도 배부르지 않았다고, 마셔도 갈증이 해소되지 않았다고, 옷을 입어도 따뜻하지 않았다고. 삶을 유지하기 위해 필요한 것처럼 보이는 것들을 아무리 많이 사용해도 아무 소용이 없었다. 하나님이 두 가지 방식으로 사람들을 벌하신다는 것을 우리는 안다—복을 거두어들이시거나, 풍성한 생산물을 만족스럽지 않고 쓸모없게 만드시거나. 흔히 사람들이 생계를 위한 충분한 것을 모아도 항상 굶주린다. 하나님이 빵과 포도주에서 영양분을 주는 힘을 빼앗으셔서, 그것들이 인간에게 아무 지지도 제공하지 못할 때 이것이 일종의 저주임이 매우 분명하게 나타난다.
그는 절 끝에서 "품꾼이 품삯을 받아도 구멍 뚫린 자루에 넣음과 같다"고 말한다. 이 말들로 그는 하나님의 복수가 땅의 불임에서만 볼 수 있는 것이 아님을 상기시킨다. 먹어도 배부르지 않는 사람들의 굶주림뿐 아니라, 그들의 일에서도 그러하다. 많이 수고해도 자루에 던진 돈이 사라지듯이 아무 이익이 없었다. 따라서 그는 "너희의 수고도 헛되다"고 말한다. 쌓아둔 돈도 사라질 때 이것이 하나님의 진노의 가장 명백한 증거였다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hag-1-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The Prophet now adds, that since the Jews were thus taught by their evils, nothing else remained for them but to prepare themselves without delay for the work of building the Temple; for they were not to defer the time, inasmuch as they were made to know, that God had come forth with an armed hand to vindicate his own right: for the sterility of which he had spoken, and also the famine and other signs of a curse, were like a drawn sword in the hand of God; by which it was evident, that he intended to punish the negligence of the people. As God then had been robbed of his right, he not only exhorted the people by his Prophets, but also executed his vengeance on this contempt. This is the reason why the Prophet now says, Apply your heart , and then adds, Go up to the mountain, bring wood , etc . And this passage strikingly sets forth why God punished their sins, in order that they might not only perceive that they had sinned, but that they might also seek to amend that which displeased God. We may also, in the second place, learn from what is said, how we are to proceed rightly in the course of true repentance. The beginning is, that our sins should become displeasing to us; but if any of us proceed no farther, it will be only an evanescent feeling: it is therefore necessary to advance to the second step; an amendment for the better ought to follow. The Prophet expresses both here: He says first, Lay your heart on your ways ; that is, “Consider whence comes this famine to you, and then how it is that by laboring much ye gain nothing, except that God is angry with you.” Now this was what wisdom required. But he again repeats the same thing, Lay your heart on your ways, that is, “Not only that sin may be hated by you, but also that this sloth, which has hitherto offended God and provoked his wrath, may be changed into strenuous activity.” Hence he says, Go up to the mountain, and bring wood, and let the house be built If any one is at a loss to know why the Prophet insists so much on building the Temple, the ready answer is this: that it was God’s design to exercise in this way his ancient people in the duties of religion. Though then the Temple itself was of no great importance before God, yet the end was to be regarded; for the people were preserved by the visible Temple in the hope of the future Christ; and then it behaved them always to bear in mind the heavenly pattern, that they might worship God spiritually under the external symbols. It was not then without reason that God was offended with their neglect of the temple; for it hence clearly appeared, that there was no care nor zeal for religion among the Jews. It often was the case that they were more sedulous than necessary in external worship, and God scorned their assiduity, when not connected with a right inward feeling; but the gross contempt of God in disregarding even the external building, is what is reprehended here by the Prophet. He afterwards adds, And I will be propitious in it , or, I will take pleasure in it. Some read, It will please me; and they depart not from the real meaning of the verb: for רצה , retse —is to be acceptable. But more correct, in my view, is the opinion of those who think that the Prophet alludes to the promise of God; for he had said, that he would on this condition dwell among the Jews, that he might hear their prayers, and be propitious to them. As, then, the Jews came to the Temple to expiate their sins, that they might return to God’s favor, it is not without reason that God here declares that he would be propitious in that house. ‘If any one sin,’ said Solomon, ‘and entering this house, shall humbly pray, do thou also hear from thy heavenly habitation.’ ( 1 Kings 8:30 .) We further know that the covering of the ark was called the propitiatory, because God there received the suppliant into favor. This meaning, then, seems the most suitable—that the Prophet says, that if the Temple was built, God would be there propitious. But it was a proof of extreme impiety to think that they could prosper while God was adverse to them: for whence could they hope for happiness, except from the only fountain of all blessings, that is, when God favored them and was propitious to them? And how could his favor be sought, except they came to his sanctuary, and thence raise up their minds by faith to heaven? When, therefore, there was no care for the Temple, it was easy to conclude that God himself was neglected, and regarded almost with scorn. We then see how emphatically this was added, I will be propitious there , that is, in the Temple; as though he had said, “Your infirmity ought to have reminded you that you have need of this help, even of worshipping me in the sanctuary. But as I gave you, as it were, a visible mirror of my presence among you, when I ordered a Temple to be built for me on mount Sion, when ye despise the Temple, is it not the same as though I was rejected by you?” He then adds, And I shall be glorified, saith Jehovah . He seems to express the reason why he should be propitious; for he would then see that his glory was regarded by the Jews. At the same time, this reason may be taken by itself, and this is what I prefer. (137) The Prophet then employs two goads to awaken the Jews: When the Temple was built, God would bless them; for they would have him pacified, and whenever they found him displeased, they might come as suppliants to seek pardon; this was one reason why it behaved them strenuously to undertake the building of the Temple. The second reason was, that God would be glorified. Now, what could have been more inconsistent than to disregard God their deliverer, and so late a deliverer too? But how God was glorified by the Temple I have already briefly explained; not that it added anything to God; but such ordinances of religion were then necessary, as the Jews were as yet like children. It now follows— (137) The whole verse may be thus rendered— Ascend the mountains, for ye have brough
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 이제 유대인들이 이처럼 자신들의 악으로 가르침을 받았으므로, 지체 없이 성전 건축 일을 준비하는 것 외에 아무것도 남지 않았다고 덧붙인다. 그들이 시간을 미루어서는 안 되었다. 하나님이 자신의 권리를 옹호하기 위해 무장한 손으로 나오셨음을 알았기 때문이다. 그가 말한 불임과 기근 및 저주의 다른 징표들이 하나님의 손에 있는 뽑힌 칼과 같았다. 그것으로 그분이 백성의 태만을 벌하시려 함이 분명했다. 따라서 하나님이 자신의 권리를 빼앗겼으므로, 선지자들로 백성을 권고하셨을 뿐 아니라 이 경멸에 대한 진노도 집행하셨다. 이것이 선지자가 이제 "마음을 살피라"고 말하고, 이어서 "산에 올라가 나무를 가져오라"고 덧붙이는 이유다.
이 본문은 하나님이 죄를 벌하시는 이유를 크게 부각시킨다—그들이 죄를 지었다는 것을 인지하게 하기 위해서뿐 아니라, 하나님이 불쾌히 여기시는 것을 고치도록 하기 위해서다. 둘째, 우리는 여기서 참된 회개의 과정에서 어떻게 올바르게 나아가야 하는지 배울 수 있다. 시작은 우리의 죄가 우리에게 불쾌하게 되어야 한다는 것이다. 그러나 여기서 더 나아가지 않는다면 그것은 사라지는 느낌에 불과하다. 따라서 두 번째 단계로 나아가는 것이 필요하다. 더 나은 방향으로의 수정이 따라야 한다.
선지자는 두 가지를 여기서 표현한다. 첫째, "너희의 길을 마음으로 살피라." 즉, "이 기근이 너희에게 어디서 오는지, 그리고 어떻게 많이 수고해도 아무것도 얻지 못하는지 생각하라. 하나님이 너희에게 진노하셨기 때문이 아닌가?" 이것이 지혜가 요구하는 바였다. 그러나 그는 같은 것을 다시 반복한다, "너희의 길을 마음으로 살피라." 즉, "죄가 너희에게 미움을 받게 하기 위해서만이 아니라, 지금까지 하나님을 기분 나쁘게 하고 그분의 진노를 도발한 이 게으름이 열심 있는 활동으로 바뀌도록."
"산에 올라가 나무를 가져오라, 집을 지으라." 선지자가 왜 성전 건축을 그처럼 강조하는지 당황하는 사람이 있다면, 준비된 대답이 있다. 하나님의 목적이 이 고대 백성을 종교의 의무에서 이런 방식으로 훈련시키는 것이었기 때문이다. 비록 성전 자체가 하나님 앞에서 크게 중요하지 않았지만, 목적을 고려해야 했다. 백성이 가시적 성전으로 미래 그리스도에 대한 소망 안에 보존되었기 때문이다. 그런 다음 그들이 항상 하늘의 모형을 기억해야 했다. 외적 상징 아래서 영적으로 하나님을 예배하도록.
"내가 거기서 은혜로울 것이다." 일부는 "그것이 내게 기쁠 것이다"로 읽는다. 그러나 선지자가 하나님의 약속을 암시한다고 생각하는 이들의 견해가 더 옳다. 그분이 유대인들 가운데 거하실 것이라고 말씀하신 조건이, 그들의 기도를 들으시고 그들에게 은혜로우시려는 것이었다. 유대인들이 자신들의 죄를 속죄하기 위해 성전에 왔다가 하나님의 은혜로 돌아갔으므로, 선지자가 그 집에서 하나님이 은혜로우실 것이라고 선언하는 것은 이유 없는 것이 아니다.
"내가 영광을 받겠다." 그분이 은혜로우실 이유를 표현하는 것처럼 보인다. 그분이 그분의 영광이 유대인들에 의해 존중되는 것을 보게 되실 것이기 때문이다. 선지자는 두 가지 자극제를 사용하여 유대인들을 깨운다. 성전이 건축될 때 하나님이 그들을 축복하실 것이다. 그들이 화해된 그분을 모실 것이기 때문이다. 하나님의 불쾌하심을 발견할 때마다 탄원자로 용서를 구하러 올 수 있다. 이것이 그들이 성전 건축에 열심히 착수해야 하는 한 이유다. 두 번째 이유는 하나님이 영광을 받으실 것이라는 것이다. 그들의 구원자이신 하나님, 그것도 그처럼 늦게 구원하신 하나님을 무시하는 것보다 더 일관성 없는 것이 무엇이었겠는가?
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hag-1-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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Here the Prophet relates again, that the Jews were deprived of support, and that they in a manner pined away in their distress, because they robbed God of the worship due to him. He first repeats the fact, Ye have looked for much, but behold little (138) It may happen that one is contented with a very slender portion, because much is not expected. They who are satisfied with their own penury are not anxious though their portion of food is but scanty, though they are constrained to feed on acorns. Those who are become hardened in enduring evils, do not seek much; but they who desire much, are more touched and vexed by their penury. This is the reason why the Prophet says, Ye have looked for much, and, behold, there was but little; that is, “Ye are not like the peasants, who satisfy themselves with any sort of food, and are not troubled on account of their straitened circumstances; but your desire has led you to seek abundance. Hence ye seek and greedily lay hold on things on every side; but, behold, it comes to little.” In the second place he adds, Ye have brought it home . He farther mentions another kind of evil—that when they gathered wine, and corn, and money, all these things immediately vanished. Ye have brought it home, and I have blown upon it . By saying that they brought it home, he intimates that what they had acquired was laid up, that it might be preserved safely; for they who had filled their storehouses, and wine-cellars, and bags, thought that they had no more to do with God. Hence it was that profane men securely indulged themselves; they thought that they were beyond the reach of danger, when their houses were well filled. God, on the contrary, shows that their houses became empty, when filled with treasures and provisions. But he speaks still more distinctly—that he had blown upon them, that is, that he had dissipated them by his breath: for the Prophet did not deem it enough historically to narrate what the Jews had experienced; but his purpose also was to point out the cause, as it were, by the finger. He therefore teaches us, that what they laid in store in their houses did not without a cause vanish away; but that this happened through the blowing of God, even because he cursed their blessing, according to what we shall hereafter see in the Prophet Malachi. He then adds, Why is this? saith Jehovah of hosts . God here asks, not because he had any doubts on the subject, but that he might by this sort of goading rouse the Jews from their lethargy,—“Think of the cause, and know that my hand is not guided by a blind impulse when it strikes you. You ought, then, to consider the reason why all things thus decay and perish.” Here again is sharply reproved the stupidity of the people, because they attended not to the cause of their evils; for they ought to have known this of themselves. But God gives the answer, because he saw that they remained stupefied— On account of my house , he says, because it is waste (139) God here assigns the cause; he shows that though no one of them considered why they were so famished, the judgement of his curse was yet sufficiently manifest, on account of the Temple remaining a waste. And you, he says, run, every one to his own house. Some read, You take delight, every one in his own house; for it is the verb רצה , retse , which we have lately noticed; and it means either to take pleasure in a thing, or to run. Every one, then, runs to his house, or, Every one delights in his house. But it is more suitable to the context to give this rendering, Every one runs to his house. For the Prophet here reminds the Jews that they were slow and slothful in the work of building the Temple, because they hastened to their private houses. He then reproves here their ardor in being intent on building their own houses, so that they had no leisure to build the Temple. This is the hastening which the Prophet blames and condemns in the Jews. We may hence learn again, that they had long delayed to build the sanctuary after the time had arrived: for, as we have mentioned yesterday, they who think the Jews returned in the fifty-eighth year, and that they had not then undergone the punishment denounced by Jeremiah, are very deluded; for they thus obscure the favor of God; nay, they wholly subvert the truth of the promises, as though they had returned contrary to God’s will, through the permission of Cyrus, when yet Isaiah says, that Cyrus would be the instrument of their promised redemption. ( Isaiah 45:1 .) Surely, then, Cyrus must have been dead before the time was fulfilled! and in that case God could not have been the redeemer of his people. Therefore Eusebius, and those who agree with him, did thus most absurdly confound the order of time. It now follows— (138) The first word in this verse, [ פנה ], is evidently a participle noun; similar instances we find in verse 6. The verse, literally rendered, is as follows— Looking for much, and behold little! And you brought it home, and I blew upon it; On what account this, saith Jehovah of hosts? On account of my house, because it is waste, And ye are running, each to his own house. The first line is put in an absolute form, as is sometimes the case in Hebrew; “There has been,” or some such words being understood. Both the Targum and the Septuagint read [ היה ] instead of [ הנה ], which would be more suitable to the word which follows, which has [ ל ] before it. The line would then be— There has been looking for much, but it came to little. The “blowing” seems to be a metaphor taken from scorching wind, blowing on vegetation, and causing it to wither. The last line may be thus rendered— And ye are delighted, each with his own house. — Ed. (139) This is the literal rendering—“On account of my house, because it is waste.” [ אשר ] is not “which” here, for it is followed by [ הוא ], “it;” but a conjunction, “because.” The word quod , in Latin, admits of two similar meanings.— Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hag-1-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 다시 말한다. 유대인들이 마땅히 그분에게 드려야 할 예배를 빼앗았으므로, 그들이 지지 없이 고난 속에 시들어갔다는 것. 그는 먼저 사실을 반복한다, "너희가 많은 것을 바랐으나 보라 적었다." 매우 적은 것에 만족하는 일이 생길 수 있는데, 많은 것이 기대되지 않기 때문이다. 자신의 가난함으로 만족하는 자들은 적은 음식이라도 도토리를 먹어야 해도 괴롭지 않다. 악을 견디는 데 굳어진 자들은 많이 구하지 않는다. 그러나 많은 것을 욕망하는 자들은 자신들의 가난함에 더 큰 감동과 짜증을 느낀다. 이것이 선지자가 "너희가 많은 것을 바랐으나 보라 적었다"고 말하는 이유다. 즉, "너희는 어떤 음식이든 만족하고 궁핍한 상황에 괴로워하지 않는 농부들 같지 않다. 너희의 욕망이 너희로 풍요를 구하도록 이끌었다. 따라서 너희는 사방으로 탐욕스럽게 찾아 잡으려 하지만, 보라, 적은 것으로 끝난다."
둘째로 그는 "너희가 그것을 집으로 가져왔다"고 덧붙인다. 그는 더 나아가 다른 종류의 악을 언급한다—그들이 포도주와 곡식과 돈을 모을 때, 이 모든 것이 즉시 사라졌다는 것. "너희가 집에 가져왔으나 내가 그것을 불었다." 집에 가져왔다고 말함으로써 그는 그들이 획득한 것이 안전하게 보존되도록 쌓아두었음을 암시한다. 창고와 포도주 저장고와 자루를 채운 자들은 하나님과 더 이상 관계가 없다고 생각했기 때문이다. 따라서 세속적 사람들이 그들의 집이 잘 채워졌을 때 안심하며 탐닉했다. 반면 하나님은 그들의 집이 보물과 양식으로 채워졌을 때 비워진다는 것을 보여주신다.
그러나 그분은 더 명확하게 말씀하신다—그분이 그것들을 불어 날리셨다고. 즉, 그분의 숨으로 그것들을 흩으셨다고. 선지자는 유대인들이 경험한 것을 역사적으로 이야기하는 것으로 충분하다고 여기지 않았다. 그의 목적은 또한 원인을 손가락으로 가리키는 것처럼 지적하는 것이었다. 따라서 그는 집에 쌓아둔 것들이 이유 없이 사라진 것이 아니라고 가르친다. 이것이 하나님의 불어남으로 일어났다. 말라기 선지자에서 볼 것처럼, 하나님이 그들의 복을 저주하셨기 때문이다.
그는 덧붙인다, "왜 이렇습니까? 만군의 여호와가 말씀하신다." 하나님은 의심이 있어서가 아니라, 이 채찍질로 유대인들을 무기력에서 깨우기 위해 여기서 물으신다. "원인을 생각하고, 너희를 칠 때 내 손이 맹목적 충동으로 이끌리지 않음을 알라. 그러므로 모든 것이 이처럼 썩고 사라지는 이유를 고려해야 한다." 여기서 다시 백성의 어리석음이 날카롭게 책망된다. 자신들의 악의 원인을 살피지 않았기 때문이다. 그들은 이것을 스스로 알아야 했다. 그러나 하나님은 그들이 여전히 무감각한 채로 있음을 보시고 대답을 주신다. "내 집 때문에, 그것이 황폐하기 때문이다." 하나님은 여기서 원인을 지정하신다. 그들 중 아무도 왜 그처럼 굶주리는지 고려하지 않았지만, 그분의 저주의 심판이 성전이 황폐하게 남아 있었으므로 충분히 분명했다고 보여주신다.
"너희는 각각 자신의 집으로 달려간다." 선지자는 유대인들이 자신들의 사적 집을 짓느라 바빴으므로 성전 건축에 느리고 게을렀음을 상기시킨다. 따라서 그는 여기서 자신들의 집을 짓는 데 열심이어서 성전을 지을 겨를이 없었던 유대인들의 열성을 책망한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hag-1-9-9(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
10절 카드 ↗
He confirms what the last verse contains—that God had made it evident that he was displeased with the people because their zeal for religion had become cold, and, especially, because they were all strangely devoted to their own interest and manifested no concern for building the Temple. Hence, he says, therefore the heavens are shut up and withhold the dew ; that is, they distil no dew on the earth; and he adds, that the earth was closed that it produced no fruit; it yielded no increase, and disappointed its cultivators. As to the particle על - כן , ol-can , we must bear in mind what I have stated, that God did not regard the external and visible Temple, but rather the end for which it was designed; for it was his will then that he should be worshipped under the ceremonies of the law. When, therefore, the Jews offered mutilated, lame, or diseased sacrifices, they manifested impiety and contempt of God. It is yet true, that it was the same thing as to God; but he had not commanded sacrifices to be offered to him for his own sake, but that by such services they might foster true religion. When, therefore, he says now, that he punished their neglect of the Temple, we ought ever to regard that as a pattern of heavenly things, so that we may understand that the coldness and indifference of the Jews were reproved; because it hence evidently appeared that they had no care for the worship of God. With respect to the withholding of dew and of produce, we know that the Prophets took from the law what served to teach the people, and accommodated it to their own purposes. The curses of the law are general. ( Deuteronomy 11:17 .) It is therefore the same thing as though the Prophet had said, that what God had threatened by Moses was really fulfilled. It ought not to have been to them a new thing, that whenever heaven denied its dew and rain it was a sign of God’s wrath. But as, at this day, during wars, or famine, or pestilence, men do not regard this general truth, it is necessary to make the application: and godly teachers ought wisely to attend to this point, that is, to remind men, according to what the state of things and circumstances may require, that God proves by facts what he has testified in his word. This is what is done by our Prophet now, withheld have the heavens the dew and the earth its produce (140) In a word, God intimates, that the heavens leave no care to provide for us, and to distil dew so that the earth may bring forth fruit, and that the earth also, though called the mother of men, does not of itself open its bowels, but that the heavens as well as the earth bear a sure testimony to his paternal love, and also to the care which he exercises over us. God then shows, both by the heavens and the earth, that he provides for us; for when the heavens and the earth administer and supply us with the blessings of God, they thus declare his love towards us. So also, when the heaven is, as it were, iron, and when the earth with closed bowels refuses us food, we ought to know that they are commissioned to execute on us the vengeance of God. For they are not only the instruments of his bounty, but, when it is necessary, God employs them for the purpose of punishing us. This is briefly the meaning. (140) Calvin seems to have overlooked [ עליכם ], “on your account.” The verse is— Therefore, on your account, withheld have the heavens from dew, And the earth has withheld its produce. The verb [ כלא ], to restrain, to keep back, to withhold, is used here twice, and in the first line in an intransitive sense, and in the second in a transitive sense, as it is often the case in other languages, when the same verb is both neuter and active. The 11th verse is passed by without any particular remarks. The word [ חרב ] is rendered “ Siccitas —drought,” as Jerome does, and also our version, as well as Newcome and Henderson ; but Grotius and also Marckius very justly observe, that it means here “waste,” or “desolation,” it being the same word as is applied to God’s house in verse 9. They left his house a waste; by a just retribution he had brought or called for a waste on the land, etc. The contrast is so evident that it cannot be denied. The ideal meanings of the word is to be waste or desolate: it is then applied to various things which produce desolation, the sword, drought, pestilence, etc.; but it is used here in its primary sense, and the contrast is very striking: “My house has been left waste; I have caused a waste to come upon every thing else.” The verse may be thus rendered— And I have called for a waste On the land and on the mountains, And on the corn and on the wine and on the oil, And on whatever the ground produces, And on man and on the cattle, And on all the labor of the hands. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hag-1-002
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
그는 마지막 절의 내용을 확증한다—하나님이 종교에 대한 그들의 열심이 식었고, 특히 모든 이가 자신의 이익에 이상하게 전념하여 성전 건축에 대한 어떤 관심도 나타내지 않았기 때문에 백성에게 불쾌하시다는 것을 분명히 하셨다는 것.
따라서 그는 "하늘이 이슬을 거두었다"고 말한다. 즉, 땅에 이슬을 내리지 않는다. 그리고 그는 땅이 닫혀서 열매를 맺지 않았다고 덧붙인다. 땅이 아무 증가도 내지 않고 경작하는 자들을 실망시켰다.
하나님이 가시적이고 외적 성전이 아니라 오히려 그것이 설계된 목적을 고려하셨다는 것을 기억해야 한다. 그분의 뜻이 그때 율법의 의식들 아래 예배받으시는 것이었기 때문이다. 따라서 유대인들이 불완전하거나 절름거리거나 병든 제물을 드릴 때, 그들은 하나님에 대한 불경건과 경멸을 나타냈다. 따라서 선지자들은 율법에서 백성을 가르치는 데 사용할 것을 취했다. 율법의 저주들은 일반적이다(신 11:17). 하늘이 이슬과 비를 거부할 때마다 그것이 하나님의 진노의 징표라는 것이 그들에게 새로운 것이 아니었어야 했다. 그러나 오늘날 전쟁 중이나 기근이나 역병 중에 사람들이 이 일반적 진리를 고려하지 않듯이, 적용을 하는 것이 필요하다. 경건한 교사들은 하나님이 말씀으로 증거하신 것을 사실로 증명하심을 사람들에게 상기시키도록 이 점에 지혜롭게 주의를 기울여야 한다.
"하늘이 이슬을 거두고 땅이 생산물을 거두었다." 한마디로 하나님은 하늘이 이슬을 내리고 땅이 열매를 맺도록 우리를 위해 제공하는 데 아무 관심이 없다고 암시하신다. 지상의 어머니라 불리는 땅도 스스로 그 내면을 열지 않는다. 그러나 하늘과 땅은 모두 그분의 부성적 사랑과 우리에 대한 돌봄의 확실한 증거를 지닌다. 하늘과 땅이 하나님의 복들을 제공하고 공급할 때, 그것들은 우리를 향한 그분의 사랑을 선포한다. 마찬가지로 하늘이 철 같고 땅이 닫힌 창자로 우리에게 음식을 거부할 때, 우리는 그것들이 우리에게 하나님의 복수를 집행하도록 임명받았음을 알아야 한다. 그것들이 그분의 너그러움의 도구일 뿐 아니라, 필요할 때 하나님이 그것들을 우리를 벌하기 위해 사용하신다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hag-1-10-10(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
The Prophet here declares that his message had not been without fruit, for shortly after the whole people prepared themselves for the work. And he names both Zerubbabel and Joshua; for it behaved them to lead the way, and, as it were, to extend a hand to others. For, had there been no leaders, no one of the common people would have pointed out the way to the rest. We know what usually happens when a word is addressed indiscriminately to all the people: they wait for one another. But when Joshua and Zerubbabel attended to the commands of the Prophet, the others followed them: for they were dominant, not only in power, but also in authority, so that they induced the people willingly to do their duty. One was the governor of the people, the other was the high priest; but the honesty and faithfulness of both were well known, so that the people spontaneously followed their example. And this passage teaches us that though God invites all to his service, yet as any one excels in honor or in other respects, so the more promptly he ought to undertake what is proposed by the authority of God. Our Prophet, no doubt, meant to point out this due order of things, by saying, that he was heard first by Zerubbabel and Joshua, and then by the whole people. But as all had not returned from exile, but a small portion, compared with that great number, which, we know, had not availed themselves of the kindness allowed them—this is the reason why the Prophet does not simply name the people, but the remnant of the people , שארית העם , sharit eom . As also the gift of prophecy had been for a long time more rare, and few appeared among the people who had any decided evidence of their call, such as Samuel, Isaiah, David, and others possessed, the Prophet, for this reason, does here more carefully commend and honor his own office: he says that the people attended to the voice of Jehovah —How? By attending, he says, to the words of Haggai the Prophet, inasmuch as Jehovah their God had sent him . He might have said more shortly that his labor had not been without fruit; but he used this circuitous mode of speaking, that he might confirm his own call; and he did this designedly, because the people had for a long time been without the opportunity of hearing God’s Prophets, for there were none among them. But Haggai says nothing here but what belongs in common to all teachers in the Church: for we know that men are not sent by divine authority to speak that God himself may be silent. As then the ministers of the word derogate nothing from the authority of God, it follows that none except the only true God ought to be heard. It is not then a peculiar expression, which is to be restricted to one man, when God is said to have spoken by the mouth of Haggai; for he thus declared that he was God’s true and authorised Prophet. We may therefore gather from these words, that the Church is not to be ruled by the outward preaching of the word, as though God had substituted men in his own place, and thus divested himself of his own office, but that he only speaks by their mouth. And this is the import of these words, The people attended to the voice of Jehovah their God, and to the words of Haggai the Prophet . For the word of God is not distinguished from the words of the Prophet, as though the Prophet had added anything of his own. Haggai then ascribed these words to himself, not that he devised anything himself, so as to corrupt the pure doctrine which had been delivered to him by God, but that he only distinguished between God, the author of the doctrine, and his minister, as when it is said, "The sword of God and of Gideon,” ( Judges 7:20 ,) and also, “The people believed God and Moses his servant.” ( Exodus 14:31 .) nothing is ascribed to Moses or to Gideon apart from God; but God himself is placed in the highest honor, and then Moses and Gideon are joined to him. In the same sense do the Apostles write, when they say, that “it had pleased the Holy spirit” and themselves. ( Acts 15:22 .) And hence it is evident how foolish and ridiculous are the Papists, who hence conclude that it is lawful for men to add their own inventions to the word of God. For the Apostles, they say, not only alleged the authority of the Holy Spirit, but also say, that it seemed good to themselves. God then does not so claim, they say, all things for himself, as not to leave some things to the decision of his Church, as though indeed the Apostles meant something different from what our Prophet means here; that is, that they truly and faithfully delivered what their had received from the spirit of God. It is therefore a mode of speaking which ought to be carefully marked, when we hear, that the voice of God and the words of Haggai were reverently attended to by the people.—Why? Inasmuch , he says, as God had sent him ; as though he had said, that God was heard when he spoke by the mouth of man. And this is also worthy of being noticed, because many fanatics boast, that they allow regard to the word of the Lord, but are unwilling to give credit to men, as that would be even preposterous; and they pretend, that in this way what belongs to the only true God is transferred to creatures. But the Holy Spirit most easily reconciles these two things—that the voice of God is heard when the people embrace what they hear from the mouth of a Prophet. Why so? because it pleases God thus to try the obedience of our faith, while he commits to man this office. For if the Lord was pleased to speak himself, then justly might men be neglected: but as he has chosen this mode, whosoever reject God’s Prophets, clearly show that they despise God himself. There is no need of inquiring here, why it is that we ought to obey the word preached or the external voice of men, rather than revelations; it is enough for us to know that this is the will of God. When therefore he sends Prophets to us, we ought unquestionably to receive what they bring. And Haggai says also expressly, that
Pericope (part_of)
- part_of
pericope/per-hag-1-003
절 (explains)
Source
source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 여기서 그의 메시지가 열매 없지 않았음을 선언한다. 선지자적 메시지 후 얼마 지나지 않아 온 백성이 일을 위해 준비했기 때문이다. 그는 스룹바벨과 여호수아 둘 다 이름을 부른다. 그들이 앞장서서 다른 이들에게 손을 뻗어야 했기 때문이다. 지도자들이 없었다면, 일반 백성 중 아무도 다른 이들에게 길을 가리키지 않았을 것이다.
그러나 그는 단순히 백성이라 하지 않고 "백성의 남은 자들"이라고 부른다. 모두가 포로에서 돌아온 것이 아니라, 허락을 이용하지 않은 그 많은 수에 비해 소수만 돌아왔기 때문이다. 또한 예언의 은사가 오랫동안 더 드물었고, 사무엘, 이사야, 다윗 등이 소유한 것과 같은 결정적 부르심의 증거를 가진 이가 백성 가운데 소수였으므로, 선지자는 이 이유로 자신의 직분을 더 신중하게 권장하고 존중한다. 그는 백성이 여호와의 음성을 들었다고 말한다. 어떻게? 하나님이 그를 보내신 만큼 학개 선지자의 말에 주의를 기울임으로써.
그는 더 짧게 그의 수고가 헛되지 않았다고 말할 수 있었다. 그러나 그는 이 돌아가는 말하는 방식을 사용했는데, 자신의 부르심을 확증하기 위해서였다. 그는 이것을 의도적으로 했다. 백성이 오랫동안 하나님의 선지자들의 말을 들을 기회 없이 지냈기 때문이다. 그러나 학개는 여기서 교회의 모든 교사들에게 공통으로 속하는 것 외에 아무것도 말하지 않는다. 하나님이 자신은 침묵하시기 위해 인간을 신적 권위로 보내지 않으신다는 것을 우리는 안다. 따라서 말씀의 사역자들이 하나님의 권위에서 아무것도 빼앗지 않으므로, 오직 참 하나님만 들어야 한다.
그러므로 하나님이 학개의 입으로 말씀하셨다고 할 때, 이것은 한 사람에게만 제한되어야 하는 독특한 표현이 아니다. 그는 자신이 하나님의 참되고 권위 있는 선지자임을 선언했기 때문이다. 따라서 이 말들에서 교회는 외적 말씀의 설교로 다스려지는 것이 아님을 우리는 모을 수 있다. 마치 하나님이 자신의 자리에 인간을 대신 세우시고, 자신의 직분을 스스로 벗으신 것처럼. 그러나 그분이 오직 그들의 입을 통해서만 말씀하신다. 이것이 이 말들의 의미다. "백성이 여호와 그들의 하나님의 음성과 학개 선지자의 말을 들었다." 하나님의 말씀이 선지자의 말들과 구별되지 않는다. 선지자가 그것에 자신의 무언가를 더한 것처럼. 학개는 이 말들을 자신의 것으로 돌렸는데, 자신이 무언가를 고안하여 하나님이 전하신 순수한 교훈을 부패시키려는 것이 아니라, 다만 교훈의 저자이신 하나님과 그분의 사역자를 구별하기 위해서였다. "하나님의 칼과 기드온의 칼"(삿 7:20), "백성이 하나님과 그분의 종 모세를 믿었다"(출 14:31)고 할 때와 같다. 모세나 기드온에게 하나님과 별개로 아무것도 돌려지지 않는다.
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commentary-section/cal-hag-1-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The Prophet tells us here, that he had again roused the leaders as well as the common people; for except God frequently repeats his exhortations, our alacrity relaxes. Though then they had all attended to God’s command, it was yet necessary that they should be strengthened by a new promise: for men can be encouraged, and their indifference can be corrected, by no other means, to such a degree, as when God offers and promises his help. This, then, was the way in which they were now encouraged, I am with you . And experience sufficiently shows, that we never really and from the heart obey, except when we rely on his promises and hope for a happy success. For were God only to call us to our work, and were our hope doubtful, all our zeal would doubtless die away. We cannot then devote our services to God, except he supports and encourages us by promises. We also see, that it is not enough that God should speak once, and that we should once receive his word, but there is need that he should rouse us again and again; for the greatest ardor grows cold when no goads are applied. And the Prophet makes known again his vocation, for he says, that he spake in the message of Jehovah , for he was his messenger. The word מלאך , malak , means a messenger; and as angels are called מלאכים , melakim , some foolish men have thought that Haggai was one of the celestial angels, clothed with the form of man: but this is a most frivolous conjecture; for priests, we know, are honored with this title in the second chapter of Malachi, Malachi 2:1 , and God in many other places calls his Prophets messengers or ambassadors. There is, therefore, no doubt but that Haggai meant simply to testify, that he brought forward nothing presumptuously, but was a faithful dispenser of the word; for he knew that he was sent by God; and that he might attain attention, he was able justly to testify that his message came from heaven. Hence he says, that he spake as a messenger of Jehovah in the message of Jehovah ; that is, he spoke according to his calling, and not as a private individual, but as one who derived his authority from heaven, and could call to order the whole people; for he was to give way neither to the chief priest nor to Zerubbabel the ruler of the people, inasmuch as he was superior to them on this account, because he had a message which had been committed to him by God. (142) We now then understand the design of the Prophet. And we hence learn that there is no dignity which exempts us from obedience common to all, when God’s word is addressed to us. Doubtless Joshua the high priest was superior to all the rest in matters of religion, and he was the chief angel or messenger of the God of hosts; and yet he refused not to submit himself to God’s Prophet, for he understood that he was in a special manner appointed by God to this office. Zerubbabel, the governor of the people, followed also his example. Let us, then, know that God’s word is proclaimed under this condition, that no eminence, either in honor or in dignity, exempts us, as it were, by a sort of privilege, from the obligation of receiving it. The Prophet at length adds, that the people hastened quickly to the work, because God had given encouragement to them all. He had lately spoken of the fruit of his doctrine; but he now declares that his voice had not so penetrated into the hearts of all, as though it had been of itself efficacious, but that it had been connected with the hidden influence of the Spirit. And this passage is remarkable; for the Prophet includes both these things—that God allows not his word to be useless or unfruitful—and yet that this proceeds not from the diligence of men, but from the hidden power of the Spirit. The Prophet, then, did not fail in his efforts; for his labor was not in vain, but brought forth fruit. At the same time, that that saying might remain true, ‘He who plants and he who waters is nothing,’ ( 1 Corinthians 3:7 ,) he says, that the Israelites were ready for the work, because the Lord roused them; Jehovah , he says, stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel, the spirit of Joshua, and of the whole people . It is not right to restrict the influence of the Spirit to one thing only, as some do, who imagine that the Israelites were confirmed in their good resolution, as they say, having before spontaneously obeyed the word of God. These separate, without reason, what ought to be read in the Prophet as connected together. For God roused the spirit of Zerubbabel and of the whole people; and hence it was that they received the message of the Prophet, and were attentive to his words. Foolishly, then, do they imagine that the Israelites were led by their own free-will to obey the word of God, and then that some aid of the Holy Spirit followed, to make them firmly to persevere in their course. But the Prophet declared, in the first place, that his message was respectfully received by the people; and now he explains how it was, even because God had touched the hearts of the whole people. (143) And we ought to notice the expression, when it is said that the spirit of Zerubbabel and of all the people was stirred up . For much sloth, we know, prevailed, especially among the multitude. But as to Zerubbabel and Joshua, they were, as we have said, already willing, but delayed until the coldness under which they labored was reproved. But the Prophet here simply means, that they became thus obedient through the hidden impulse of God, and also that they were made firm in their purpose. God does not form new souls in us, when he draws us to his service; but changes what is wrong in us: for we should never be attentive to his word, were he not to open our ears; and there would be no inclination to obey, were he not to turn our hearts; in a word, both will and effort would immediately fail in us, were he not to add his gift of perseverance. Let us, then, know that Haggai’s labors produced fruits, because the Lord effectually touched the hearts o
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선지자는 여기서 지도자들뿐 아니라 일반 백성도 다시 일깨웠다고 말한다. 하나님이 자신의 권면을 자주 반복하지 않으시면 우리의 열심이 쉬기 때문이다. 비록 그들 모두가 하나님의 명령에 주의를 기울였지만, 새로운 약속으로 강해질 필요가 있었다. 사람들이 하나님의 도움을 제공하고 약속하실 때 외에 어떤 다른 수단으로도 그처럼 격려받고 무관심이 교정될 수 없기 때문이다. 따라서 그들이 지금 격려받은 방식이 이것이다, "내가 너희와 함께 있다."
경험은 우리가 그분의 약속에 의지하고 행복한 성공을 소망할 때가 아니면 결코 진정으로 온 마음으로 순종하지 않음을 충분히 보여준다. 따라서 하나님이 우리를 일로 부르시기만 하고 우리의 소망이 불확실하다면, 모든 우리의 열심이 의심할 여지 없이 죽어버릴 것이다. 따라서 그분이 약속으로 우리를 지탱하고 격려하지 않으시면 우리가 하나님께 우리의 섬김을 드릴 수 없다.
우리는 또한 하나님이 한 번만 말씀하시고 우리가 그분의 말씀을 한 번 받는 것으로 충분하지 않다는 것을 본다. 다시 우리를 일깨우실 필요가 있다. 자극제가 가해지지 않으면 가장 큰 열성도 식기 때문이다. 선지자는 다시 자신의 소명을 알린다. 그가 "여호와의 사명으로 말했다"고 말하는데, 그가 그분의 사자였기 때문이다. '말라크(malak)'라는 단어는 사자를 뜻한다. 천사들이 '말라킴(melakim)'이라 불리므로, 어리석은 이들은 학개가 인간의 형태를 입은 하늘 천사 중 하나였다고 생각했다. 그러나 이것은 가장 하찮은 추측이다. 제사장들이 말라기 2장에서 이 칭호로 불리고, 하나님이 다른 많은 곳에서 자신의 선지자들을 사자 또는 대사라 부르심을 우리는 안다.
따라서 학개가 단순히 자신이 아무것도 주제넘게 제시하지 않고, 충실한 말씀의 분배자였음을 증거하려 했다는 것은 의심의 여지가 없다. 그가 하나님에 의해 보냄을 받았음을 알았기 때문이다. 그리고 주의를 얻기 위해 자신의 사명이 하늘에서 왔다고 정당하게 증거할 수 있었다. 따라서 그는 여호와의 사명으로, 여호와의 사자로 말했다고 말한다. 즉, 그는 자신의 소명에 따라 말했다. 사적 개인으로서가 아니라 자신의 권위를 하늘에서 끌어냈고, 온 백성을 정돈할 수 있었던 자로서.
선지자는 마지막으로 백성이 빠르게 일에 착수했다고 덧붙인다. 하나님이 그들 모두에게 격려를 주셨기 때문이다. 그는 방금 그의 교훈의 열매에 대해 말했다. 그러나 그는 이제 자신의 목소리가 그 자체로 효력이 있는 것처럼 모든 이의 마음에 침투한 것이 아니라, 성령의 숨겨진 영향과 연결되었다고 선언한다. 이 본문은 주목할 만하다. 선지자는 두 가지를 포함한다—하나님이 자신의 말씀이 쓸모없거나 열매 없게 허락하지 않으신다는 것과, 이것이 인간의 부지런함에서가 아니라 성령의 숨겨진 능력에서 나온다는 것.
따라서 선지자는 자신의 노력에서 실패하지 않았다. 그의 수고가 헛되지 않고 열매를 맺었기 때문이다. 동시에 "심는 자와 물을 주는 자는 아무것도 아니다"(고전 3:7)라는 말이 참이도록, 그는 이스라엘 사람들이 주님이 그들을 일깨우셨기 때문에 일을 위해 준비했다고 말한다. "여호와가 스룹바벨의 영을, 여호수아의 영을, 그리고 온 백성의 영을 일으키셨다."
하나님이 우리를 자신의 섬김으로 이끄실 때 우리 안에 새로운 영혼을 만드시지 않고, 우리 안에 잘못된 것을 바꾸신다는 것을 주목할 필요가 있다. 그분이 우리의 귀를 열지 않으시면 우리가 결코 그분의 말씀에 주의를 기울이지 않을 것이다. 그분이 우리의 마음을 돌이키지 않으시면 순종하려는 경향이 없을 것이다. 한마디로, 그분이 인내의 은사를 더하지 않으시면 의지와 노력이 즉시 우리에게서 떠날 것이다. 따라서 학개의 수고가 열매를 맺은 것은 주님이 효과적으로 그 백성의 마음을 만지셨기 때문임을 알자.
원주석
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commentary-section/cal-hag-1-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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The Prophet mentions even the time when they commenced the building of the temple. Three-and-twenty days interposed between the first message and the beginning of the work. It hence appears how ignorant he was who divided the chapters, having begun the second chapter at this verse, where the Prophet shows, as it were by his finger, how much was the distance between the day in which he began to exhort the people, and the success of which he speaks. He then simply tells us here when the Temple began to be built—that is, in the second year of Darius the king, and in the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month. He had previously said that a message was given to him in the second year of Darius the king, and in the sixth month, and on the first day. Then from that day to the twenty-fourth the people delayed; not that they disregarded the command of the Prophet, but because it was not so easy a thing to persuade them all, that they might unanimously undertake the work. Though then the promptitude of the people is commended, we must yet observe that there was some mixture of weakness; for the effect of the doctrine did not appear till the twenty-fourth day. (144) It afterwards follows— (144) The reasons assigned here for a different division is by no means satisfactory. The fact is that this verse necessarily belongs to the last of the previous chapter, as it specifies the time when the people began the work as there mentioned; and what follows this verse is another message, and at another time. The usual division is no doubt the best. return to ' Top of Page ' Zephaniah Zep 3 Haggai Hag Haggai Hag 2 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Haggai 1". "Calvin's Commentary on the Bible". https://www.studylight.org/ commentaries/ eng/ cal/ haggai-1.html. 1840-57. terms of use • privacy policy • • rights and permissions • contact sl • about sl • link to sl To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient contact form StudyLight.org © 2001-2026 Powered by Light speed Technology Ads Free Profile .sub-menu{font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;max-width:1260px;width:100%;background-color:#f7f7f7;color:#6b6b6b;border-bottom:5px solid #6b6b6b;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;position:absolute;z-index:9998} .sub-menu .menu-group{width:100%;margin:0 5px 0;padding:0 5px 0;border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer{display:none} .sub-menu .menu-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-name a{color:#deac27} .sub-menu .menu-ul li a{color:#6b6b6b;} .sub-menu .menu-ul li:hover{color:#DD8000} .search-button{background-color:#6b6b6b;color:#fff;border:1px solid #6b6b6b;-webkit-appearance:square-button;padding:0 5px;font-size:13px} .int-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .int-search-div .int-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;font-size:13px;padding:0 5px 0;margin-right:5px;width:30%;height:30px;flex:1 1 100%} .int-search-div .int-s-button{width:50px;margin-right:10px;height:30px;flex:0 0 50px} .int-selections-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px} .int-selections-div .int-s-section{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin:5px 5px 0 0;width:70px;height:30px;flex:1 1 50%} .int-selections-div .int-s-translation{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;padding:2px;width:40%;height:30px;flex:1 1 40%} .lex-search-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-query{border:1px solid #dadada;width:95%;height:30px;font-size:13px;padding:5px;margin-right:5px} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;height:30px;font-size:13px;margin-right:5px;width:100px} .lex-search-languages{width:95%;font-size:11px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:5px} .ill-quo-div{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;margin-top:10px} .ill-quo-s-query{font-size:15px;color:#6b6b6b;padding:0 10px 0;border:1px solid #dadada;height:30px;width:100px;margin-right:5px;flex:1 1 auto} .ill-quo-s-select{border:1px solid #dadada;color:#6b6b6b;padding:5px;height:30px;margin-right:5px} .clickable{cursor:pointer} ia, qa{cursor:pointer;margin:0 4px; line-height:25px} @media only screen and (max-width: 899px) { .sub-menu{height:65%;overflow:scroll} .sub-menu .menu-group, .sub-menu .menu-group:first-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .part2{margin-top:-24px} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul{width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start} .sub-menu .menu-group .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0;flex-grow:0;flex-basis:50%} } @media only screen and (min-width: 900px) { .sub-menu{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-between} .sub-menu .part2{padding-top:18px;margin-top:0} .sub-menu .menu-group:last-child{border-right:0} .sub-menu .menu-group-spacer {border-right:1px solid #6b6b6b;padding:5px 0} .sub-menu .menu-ul{width:100%} .sub-menu .menu-ul li{list-style:disc;list-style-position:outside;padding:0 15px 5px 0} .lex-search-div{width:95%} .lex-search-div .lex-s-range{width:70px} } Bible Commentaries (144) Verse‑by‑Verse Commentary Burton Coffman Commentaries Adam Clarke Commentary Albert Barnes' Notes John Gill's Exposition Complete List of 144 Bible Concordances (6) Thompson Chain Reference Nave's Topical Bible The Topical Concordances Torrey's Topical Textbook Scofield Reference Index Treasury of Scripture Knowledge Bible Dictionaries (26) Vine's Expository Dictionary Holman Bible Dictionary Baker's Evangelical Dictionary King James Dictionary Smith's Bible Dictionary Complete List of 26 Bible Encyclopedias (7) Int Standard Bible Encyclopedia The Nuttall Encyclopedia The 1901 Jewish Encylopedia The Ca
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
선지자는 그들이 성전 건축을 시작한 때까지 언급한다. 첫 번째 메시지와 공사 시작 사이에 이십삼 일이 경과했다. 따라서 장들을 나눈 이가 얼마나 무지했는지 드러난다. 선지자가 말하자면 손가락으로 가리킨 이 절에서 두 번째 장을 시작했는데, 그가 권면을 시작한 날과 그가 말하는 성공 사이에 얼마나 차이가 있었는지 보여주기 때문이다.
따라서 그는 여기서 단순히 성전 건축이 언제 시작되었는지 말한다—다리우스 왕 제이년, 여섯째 달 이십사일이었다. 그는 이전에 다리우스 왕 제이년, 여섯째 달 첫날에 메시지가 자신에게 주어졌다고 말했다. 그날부터 이십사일까지 백성이 지체했다. 그들이 선지자의 명령을 무시해서가 아니라, 그들 모두가 만장일치로 일을 시작하도록 설득하는 것이 그처럼 쉽지 않았기 때문이다. 따라서 백성의 신속함이 칭찬받지만, 어느 정도의 약함이 혼합되어 있었음을 관찰해야 한다. 교훈의 효과가 이십사일에야 나타났기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-hag-1-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역