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주석[칼빈] — 예레미야애가 2장 · 시온을 향한 진노

요약
칼빈 주석 · 섹션 22개 · 한국어 번역 있음(한국어 우선) · 본문 보기
아래 주석은 원문(및 번역문) 그대로입니다.

1절 카드 ↗

The Prophet again exclaims in wonder, that an incredible thing had happened, which was like a prodigy; for at the first sight it seemed very unreasonable, that a people whom God had not only received into favor, but with whom he had made a perpetual covenant, should thus be forsaken by him. For though men were a hundred times perfidious, yet God never changes, but remains unchangeable in his faithfulness; and we know that his covenant was not made to depend on the merits of men. Whatsoever, then, the people might be, yet it behooved God to continue in his purpose, and not to annul the promise made to Abraham. Now, when Jerusalem was reduced to desolation, there was as it were all abolition of God’s covenant. There is, then, no wonder that the Prophet here exclaims, as on account of some prodigy, How can it be that God hath clouded or darkened , etc. We must, however, observe at the same time, that the Prophet did not mean here to invalidate the fidelity or constancy of God, but thus to rouse the attention of his own nation, who had become torpid in their sloth; for though they were pressed down under a load of evils, yet they had become hardened in their perverseness. But it was impossible that any one should really call on God, except he was humbled in mind, and brought the sacrifice of which we have spoken, even a humble and contrite spirit. ( Psalms 51:19 .) It was, then, the Prophet’s object to soften the hardness which he knew prevailed in almost the whole people. This was the reason why he exclaimed, in a kind of astonishment, How has God clouded , etc. (148) Some render the words, “How has God raised up,” etc., which may be allowed, provided it be not taken in a good sense, for it is said, in his wrath; but in this case the words to raise up and to cast down ought to be read conjointly; for when one wishes to break in pieces an earthen vessel, he not only casts it on the ground, but he raises it up, that it may be thrown down with greater force. We may, then, take this meaning, that God, in order that he might with greater violence break in pieces his people, had raised them up, not to honor them, but in order to dash them more violently on the ground. However, as this sense seems perhaps too refined, I am content with the first explanation, that God had clouded the daughter of Zion in his wrath ; and then follows an explanation, that he had cast her from heaven to the earth. So then God covered with darkness his people, when he drew them down from the high dignity which they had for a time enjoyed. He had, then, cast on the earth all the glory of Israel, and remembered not his footstool The Prophet seems here indirectly to contend with God, because he had not spared his own sanctuary; for God, as it has been just stated, had chosen Mount Sion for himself, where he designed to be prayed to, because he had placed there the memorial of his name. As, then, he had not spared his own sanctuary, it did not appear consistent with his constancy, and he also seemed thus to have disregarded his own glory. But the design of the Prophet is rather to shew to the people how much God’s wrath had been kindled, when he spared not even his own sanctuary. For he takes this principle as granted, that God is never without reason angry, and never exceeds the due measure of punishment. As, then, God’s wrath was so great that he destroyed his own Temple, it was a token of dreadful wrath; and what was the cause but the sins of men? for God, as I have said, always preserves moderation in his judgments. He, then, could not have better expressed to the people the heinousness of their sins, than by laying before them this fact, that God remembered not his footstool And the Temple, by a very suitable metaphor, is called the footstool of God. It is, indeed, called his habitation; for in Scripture the Temple is often said to be the house of God. It was then the house, the habitation, and the rest of God. But as men are ever inclined to superstition, in order to raise up their thoughts above earthly elements, we are reminded, on the other hand, in Scripture, that the Temple was the footstool of God . So in the Psalms, “Adore ye before his footstool,” ( Psalms 99:5 ;) and again, “We shall adore in the place where his feet stand.” ( Psalms 132:7 .) We, then, see that the two expressions, apparently different, do yet well agree, that the Temple was the house of God and his habitation, and that yet it was only his footstool. It was the house of God, because the faithful found by experience that he was there present; as, then, God gave tokens of his presence, the Temple was rightly called the house; of God, his rest and habitation. But that the faithful might not fix their minds on the visible sanctuary, and thus by indulging a gross imagination, fall into superstition, and put an idol in the place of God, the Temple was called the footstool of God. For as it was a footstool, it behooved the faithful to rise up higher and to know that God was really sought, only when they raised their thoughts above the world. We now perceive what was the purpose of this mode of speaking. God is said not to have remembered his Temple , not because he had wholly disregarded it, but because the destruction of the Temple could produce no other opinion in men. All, then, who saw that the Temple had been burnt by profane hands, and pulled down after it had been plundered, thought that the Temple was forsaken by God; and so also he speaks by Ezekiel, ( Ezekiel 10:18 .) Then this oblivion, or not remembering, refers to the thoughts of men; for however God may have remembered the Temple, yet he seemed for a time to have disregarded it. We must, at the same time, bear in mind what I have said, that the Prophet here did not intend to dispute with God, or to contend with him, but, on the contrary, to shew what the people deserved; for God was so indignant on account of their sins, that he suffered his own Temple to be profaned. The same thing al

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

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선지자는 다시 경이로움으로 외친다. 믿기 어려운 일이 일어났으니, 이는 마치 경이로운 일과 같다고 한다. 처음 보기에 매우 불합리한 것처럼 보였기 때문이다. 하나님께서 은혜 가운데 받아들이셨을 뿐 아니라 영원한 언약을 맺으신 백성이 이처럼 그분에게 버림받다니 말이다. 사람들이 백 번을 배신하더라도 하나님께서는 결코 변하지 않으시고 그분의 신실하심 가운데 불변하신다. 그분의 언약이 사람들의 공로에 달려 있지 않음도 우리는 안다. 그러므로 백성이 어떠하든지 간에 하나님께서는 그분의 목적을 이어 가시고 아브라함에게 주신 약속을 폐하지 않으셔야 했다. 그런데 예루살렘이 황폐해졌을 때, 그것은 마치 하나님의 언약의 폐기와 같은 것이었다. 선지자가 어떤 경이로운 일처럼 외치는 것이 이상하지 않다. "어찌하여 하나님이 어둡게 하셨는가" 등.

그러나 동시에 선지자가 하나님의 신실하심이나 불변하심을 무효로 하려는 것이 아님도 살펴야 한다. 오히려 게으름 가운데 무뎌진 자기 민족의 주의를 일깨우려 했다. 비록 악의 무게에 눌렸더라도 그들은 자신들의 완고함 가운데 굳어져 있었다. 그러나 마음이 겸비하여지지 않고, 우리가 말한 제물, 곧 겸비하고 통회하는 심령(시편 51:19)을 드리지 않는다면 진정으로 하나님께 부르짖을 수 없다. 선지자의 목적은 거의 온 백성에 만연해 있다고 그가 알았던 완고함을 부드럽게 하려는 것이었다. 이것이 그가 어떤 경탄 가운데 "어찌하여 하나님이 어둡게 하셨는가" 등을 외친 이유이다.

어떤 이들은 "어찌하여 하나님이 들어올리셨는가" 등으로 번역한다. 이는 허용할 수 있는 것이지만, 좋은 의미로 취해서는 안 된다. "그의 진노 가운데"라고 했기 때문이다. 이 경우 올린다와 던진다는 말이 함께 읽혀야 한다. 토기를 부수고자 하는 자는 단순히 땅에 던지는 것이 아니라, 더 큰 힘으로 던지기 위해 먼저 들어올린다. 그러므로 우리는 이 의미를 취할 수 있다. 하나님께서 자신의 백성을 영화롭게 하기 위해서가 아니라 더 세게 땅에 던지기 위해 들어올리셨다는 것이다. 그러나 이 의미는 너무 정교한 것 같으므로, 나는 첫 번째 설명에 만족한다. 하나님이 그의 진노 가운데 시온의 딸을 어둡게 하셨다는 것이다. 이어서 설명이 뒤따른다. 그녀를 하늘에서 땅으로 던지셨다는 것이다. 그리하여 하나님은 백성을 어두움으로 가리셨으니, 그들이 한동안 누렸던 높은 존엄에서 끌어내리셨기 때문이다. 이스라엘의 모든 영광을 땅에 던지셨다고 한다. "그의 발판을 기억하지 아니하셨도다."

선지자는 여기서 간접적으로 하나님과 논쟁하는 것 같다. 그분이 자신의 성소를 아끼지 않으셨기 때문이다. 하나님께서는 말씀하신 것처럼 시온산을 자신을 위해 선택하셨는데, 그곳에서 기도받기를 원하셨으니 거기에 그분의 이름의 기념을 두셨기 때문이다. 그분이 자신의 성소를 아끼지 않으신 것은 그분의 불변하심과 일관되지 않은 것처럼 보이며, 또한 그분 자신의 영광을 무시하신 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 선지자의 의도는 오히려 하나님의 진노가 얼마나 격렬하게 타올랐는지를 백성에게 보여 주는 것이다. 그분이 심지어 자신의 성소도 아끼지 않으셨기 때문이다. 선지자는 하나님이 항상 이유 없이 화내지 않으시며 형벌의 정당한 척도를 결코 넘지 않으신다는 원칙을 받아들인다. 따라서 하나님의 진노가 너무나 커서 그분 자신의 성전을 파괴하셨다면, 그것은 무서운 진노의 표징이다. 그 원인은 사람들의 죄 외에 무엇이겠는가? 하나님께서는 항상 그분의 심판에 절제를 유지하신다고 내가 말했다. 따라서 선지자가 하나님이 자신의 발판을 기억하지 않으셨다는 사실을 그들 앞에 제시함으로써 백성의 죄의 추악함을 더 잘 표현할 수 없었다.

원주석

2절 카드 ↗

He pursues the same subject, but in other words. He first says, that God had without pardon destroyed all the habitations of Jacob ; some read, “all the beauty (or the ornament) of Jacob.” But the other rendering is more suitable, that he had destroyed all the habitations of Jacob; and then that he had demolished in his indignation , etc. The word is derived from what means excess; but we know that all words signifying wrath are transferred to God, but they do not properly belong to him. God, then, in his violent wrath had demolished all fortresses , and cast them to the ground ; and afterwards, that he had profaned , etc. This profanation of the kingdom, and of the princes, corresponds with the former verse, where he said that God had not remembered his footstool for we know that the kingdom was sacerdotal and consecrated to God. When, therefore, it was polluted, it follows that God in a manner exposed his name to reproach, because the mouth of all the ungodly was thus opened, so that they insolently poured forth their slanders. That God, then, spared not the kingdom nor the Temple, it hence followed that his wrath against the Jews was dreadful. Now, as he is a righteous judge, it follows, that such was the greatness of the sins of the Jews, that they sustained the blame for this extreme sacrilege; for it was through their sins that God’s name was exposed to reproach both as to the Temple and the kingdom. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"

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선지자는 같은 주제를 다른 말로 계속한다. 그는 먼저 하나님이 인정하지 않으시고 야곱의 모든 거주지를 파괴하셨다고 말한다. 어떤 이들은 "야곱의 모든 아름다움(혹은 장식)"으로 읽는다. 그러나 그가 야곱의 모든 거주지를 파괴하셨다는 다른 번역이 더 적합하다. 이어서 그분이 자신의 분노 가운데 모든 요새를 부수고 땅에 던지셨다고 한다. 마지막으로 그분이 더럽히셨다고 한다. 왕국과 방백들이 더럽혀진 것은 그분이 자신의 발판을 기억하지 않으셨다고 말한 앞 절에 상응한다. 왕국은 하나님께 구별되고 거룩하게 된 것임을 우리는 안다. 그것이 더럽혀졌을 때, 하나님께서 어떤 의미에서 자신의 이름을 비방에 노출시키셨다는 결론이 따른다. 모든 불경건한 자들의 입이 열려 오만하게 그 비방을 쏟아 냈기 때문이다. 그러므로 하나님께서 왕국도 성전도 아끼지 않으셨으므로 유대인들을 향한 그분의 진노가 무서웠다는 결론이 따른다. 이제 그분이 의로운 심판자이시므로, 유대인들의 죄가 너무나 커서 이 극한의 신성모독에 대한 책임을 그들이 졌다는 결론이 따른다. 성전과 왕국 모두에 관해 하나님의 이름이 비방에 노출된 것은 그들의 죄를 통해서였기 때문이다.

원주석

3절 카드 ↗

Jeremiah expresses the same thing in various ways; but all that he says tends to shew that it was an evidence of God’s extreme vengeance, when the people, the city, and the Temple, were destroyed. But it ought to be observed, that God is here represented as the author of that calamity: the Prophet would have otherwise lamented in vain over the ruin of his own country; but as in all adversities he acknowledged the hand of God, he afterwards added, that God had a just reason why he was so grievously displeased with his own people. He then says, that every horn had been broken by God. We know that by horn is meant strength as well as excellency or dignity and I am disposed to include both here, though the word breaking seems rather to refer to strength or power. But the whole clause must be noticed, that God had broken every horn of Israel in the indignation of his wrath . The Prophet intimates that God had not been angry with his people as though he had been offended by slight transgressions, but that the measure of his wrath had been unusual, even because the impiety of the people had so burst forth, that the offense given to God could not have been slight. Then, by indignation of wrath the Prophet does not mean an excess, as though God had through a violent impulse rushed forth to take vengeance; but he rather intimates that the people had become so wicked, that it did not behoove God to punish in an ordinary way an impiety so inveterate. He then adds, that God had withdrawn, his right hand from before the enemy , and that at the same time he had burned like a fire , the flame of which had devoured all around . The Prophet here refers to two things; the first is, that though God had been accustomed to help his people, and to oppose their enemies, as they had experienced his aid in the greatest dangers, yet now his people were forsaken and left destitute of all hope. The first clause, then, declares, that God would not be the deliverer of his people as formerly, because they had forsaken him. But he speaks figuratively, that God had drawn back his right hand ; and God’s right hand means his protection, as it is well known. But the Prophet’s meaning is by no means obscure, even that there was hereafter no hope that God would meet the enemies of his people, and thus preserve them in safety, for he had drawn back his hand. (149) But there is a second thing added, even that God’s hand burned like fire. Now it was in itself a grievous thing that the people had been so rejected by God, that no help could be expected from him; but it was still a harder thing, that he went forth armed to destroy his people. And the metaphor of fire ought to be noticed; for had he said that God’s right hand was against his people, the expression would not have been so forcible; but when he compared God’s right hand to fire which burned, and whose flame consumed all Israel, it was a much more dreadful thing. (150) Moreover, by these words the Israelites were reminded that they were not to lament their calamities in an ordinary way, but ought, on the contrary, to have seriously considered the cause of all their evils, even the provoking of God’s wrath against themselves; and not only so, but that God was angry with them in an unusual degree, and yet justly, so that they had no reason to complain. It follows, — (149) Gataker, Henry, Blayney , and Henderson , consider “the right hand” as that of Israel — that God drew back or restrained the right hand of Israel, so that he had no power to face his enemies. But Scott agrees with Calvin ; and favorable to the same view are the early versions, except the Syr . , for they render the pronoun, “his own — suam :” the Targ . also takes the same view. Had the word been “hand,” it might have been applied to Israel; but it is “the right hand,” which commonly means protection, or rather God’s power, as put forth to defend his people and to resist enemies. This is farther confirmed by what is said in the following verse, that God “stood with his right hand as an adversary.” See Psalms 74:11 — Ed . (150) The last clause may be literally rendered thus, — And he burned in Jacob as fire, the flame devoured around. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"

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예레미야는 다양한 방식으로 같은 것을 표현한다. 그러나 그가 말하는 모든 것은 백성, 성읍, 성전이 파괴되었을 때 그것이 하나님의 극한 보복의 증거였음을 보여 주는 것을 목표로 한다. 그러나 하나님이 여기서 그 재앙의 작자로 제시됨을 살펴야 한다. 선지자는 그렇지 않으면 헛되이 자기 나라의 멸망을 탄식했을 것이다. 그러나 모든 역경 가운데 하나님의 손을 인정했으므로, 그 후에 하나님이 자신의 백성과 그처럼 심각하게 기뻐하지 않으신 데 정당한 이유가 있었음을 덧붙였다.

그는 하나님이 이스라엘의 모든 뿔을 꺾으셨다고 말한다. 뿔이 힘과 탁월함이나 존엄을 의미함을 우리는 안다. 나는 여기서 둘 다 포함하고 싶은데, '꺾다'라는 말은 힘이나 권세를 더 가리키는 것 같다. 그러나 전체 절을 살펴야 한다. 하나님이 자신의 진노의 분노 가운데 이스라엘의 모든 뿔을 꺾으셨다는 것이다. 선지자는 하나님이 가벼운 범죄에 화를 내신 것처럼 백성에게 화가 나신 것이 아니라, 그분의 진노의 척도가 비범하였다고 시사한다. 백성의 불경건이 그처럼 터져 나와서 하나님께 드려진 모욕이 가벼울 수 없었기 때문이다. 따라서 '진노의 분노'로 선지자는 하나님이 격렬한 충동으로 보복하러 달려나신 것 같은 과잉을 의미하지 않는다. 오히려 그는 백성이 너무나 악해져서, 하나님께서 그처럼 뿌리 깊은 불경건을 보통 방식으로 형벌하시는 것이 마땅치 않게 되었음을 시사한다.

그는 이어서 하나님이 원수 앞에서 오른손을 거두셨다고, 그와 동시에 불처럼 타오르셔서 그 불꽃이 사방을 삼켰다고 말한다. 선지자는 여기서 두 가지를 언급한다. 첫째, 비록 하나님이 자신의 백성을 돕고 원수들을 대적하시는 데 익숙하셨고, 그들이 가장 큰 위험에서 그분의 도움을 경험했지만, 이제 그들의 백성은 버려지고 모든 소망에서 비워졌다는 것이다. 따라서 첫 번째 절은 하나님이 이제 더 이상 이전처럼 그분의 백성의 구원자가 되려 하지 않으신다는 것을 선언한다. 그들이 그분을 저버렸기 때문이다. 선지자는 비유적으로 말하여 하나님이 자신의 오른손을 거두셨다고 한다. 하나님의 오른손은 그분의 보호를 의미한다. 선지자의 의미는 결코 불분명하지 않다. 이제 더 이상 하나님이 그분의 백성의 원수들을 만나시어 그들을 안전하게 지키실 소망이 없다는 것이다. 그분이 손을 거두셨기 때문이다.

두 번째 것이 덧붙여진다. 하나님의 손이 불처럼 타올랐다는 것이다. 백성이 하나님께 그처럼 버림받아 아무 도움도 기대할 수 없다는 것이 자체로 슬픈 일이었지만, 그분이 자신의 백성을 파괴하기 위해 무장하고 나아오신 것은 더욱 힘든 일이었다. 불의 비유를 살펴야 한다. 하나님의 오른손이 백성을 대적한다고 단순히 말했다면 그다지 강력하지 않았을 것이다. 그런데 하나님의 오른손을 타오르고 그 불꽃이 온 이스라엘을 삼키는 불에 비유했을 때, 그것은 훨씬 더 무서운 것이었다.

나아가 이 말들로 이스라엘 사람들은 자신들의 재앙을 보통 방식으로 슬퍼해서는 안 된다는 것을, 오히려 자신들의 모든 악의 원인, 곧 스스로 하나님의 진노를 자극한 것을 진지하게 생각해야 한다는 것을 상기받는다. 그것뿐 아니라 하나님이 그들에게 비범한 정도로 화를 내셨지만 의롭게 그리하셨다는 것도, 따라서 그들이 불평할 이유가 없다는 것도 상기받는다.

원주석

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He employs now another metaphor, that God, who was wont to defend his people, now took up arms against them; for stating a part for the whole, he includes in the bow every other weapon. When, therefore, he says that God had bent his bow, it is the same as though he said that he was fully armed. The bow, then, as we have before seen, means every kind of weapon. He then adds, that his right hand stood as an adversary . Here he more plainly describes what he had before touched upon, even that God had not only given up his people to the will of their enemies, but that he himself had held up a banner to their enemies, and went before them with an armed hand. Nor is there a doubt but that by the right hand of God he means all their enemies; for it was necessary carefully to impress this fact on the minds of the people, that the war had not been brought by the Chaldeans, but that God had resolved thereby to punish the wickedness of the people, and especially their desperate obstinacy, for he had omitted nothing to restore the people to the right way. Whenever, then, there is mention made here of God, let us know that the people are reminded, as I have already said, that they had to do with God, lest. they should forget this, or think that it was adverse fortune, or dream of some other causes of evils, as men are wont in this respect to be very ingenious in deceiving themselves. And we shall see this more clearly hereafter, where it is said, that God had thought to destroy the wall of Jerusalem; but this thought was the same as his decree. Then the Prophet explains there more fully what is yet here substantially found, even that God was brought forward thus before the people, that they might learn to humble themselves under his mighty hand. The hand of God was not indeed visible, but the Prophet shews that the Chaldeans were not alone to be regarded, but rather that the hidden hand of God, by which they were guided, ought to have been seen by the eyes of faith. It was, then, this hand of God that stood against the people. It then follows, He slew all the chosen men ; some read, “all things desirable;” but it seems more suitable to consider men as intended, as though he had said, that the flower of the people perished by the hand of God in the tabernacle of the daughter of Sion ; though the last clause would unite better with the end of the verse, that on the tabernacle of the daughter of Sion God had poured forth his wrath , or his anger, as fire He repeats the metaphor which he had used in the last verse; and this is what we ought carefully to notice; for God threatens by Isaiah that he would be a fire to devour his enemies: “The light of Israel shall be a fire, and his Holy One a flame of fire, and it shall devour all briers and all kinds of wood.” ( Isaiah 10:7 .) There God threatened the Chaldeans, as though he had said that his vengeance would be dreadful, when as a patron and defender of his people he would contend with the Chaldeans. He there calls himself the light of Israel and the Holy One; and hence he said that he would be a fire and a flame as to the Chaldeans. But what does he say here? even that God had poured forth lt is wrath as fire, that its flame had devoured all around whatever was fair to be seen in Israel. We hence see that the people had provoked against themselves the vengeance of God, which would have been otherwise poured forth on their enemies; and thus the sin of the people was doubled. It follows, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-5" class="com-number"

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선지자는 이제 다른 비유를 사용한다. 자신의 백성을 방어하시던 하나님이 이제 그들을 대적하여 무기를 취하셨다는 것이다. 선지자는 부분을 전체로 표현하여 활 안에 모든 다른 무기를 포함시킨다. 따라서 하나님이 활을 당기셨다고 말할 때, 그것은 마치 그분이 완전히 무장하셨다고 말하는 것과 같다. 활은 이전에 본 것처럼 모든 종류의 무기를 의미한다. 그는 이어서 오른손이 원수처럼 서셨다고 말한다. 여기서 그는 이전에 언급한 것을 더 명확하게 묘사한다. 하나님이 단순히 그분의 백성을 원수들의 뜻에 내어 주신 것이 아니라 원수들에게 깃발을 들어올리시고 무장한 손으로 그들 앞에 나아가셨다는 것이다.

하나님의 오른손으로 그분이 모든 원수들을 의미함도 의심할 여지가 없다. 이 사실을 백성의 마음에 주의 깊게 심어 주어야 했기 때문이다. 전쟁이 갈대아인들에 의해 가져온 것이 아니라, 하나님이 그것으로 백성의 악함, 특히 그들의 필사적인 완고함을 형벌하기로 작정하신 것이었다는 것이다. 하나님이 그들을 올바른 길로 회복시키기 위해 아무것도 빠뜨리지 않으셨기 때문이다. 따라서 여기서 하나님이 언급될 때마다, 백성이 자신들이 하나님과 상관하고 있음을 상기받고 있다는 것을 알아야 한다. 그들이 이것을 잊거나 그것이 불운이라고 생각하거나 다른 악의 원인들을 꿈꾸지 않도록 하기 위해서이다.

그 다음 "하나님은 사모하는 것들을 모두 죽이셨다"고 말한다. 어떤 이들은 "모든 사모하는 것들"로 읽는다. 그러나 시온의 딸의 장막 안에서 하나님의 손에 의해 백성의 꽃이 멸망했다고 이해하는 것이 더 적합한 것 같다. 이 마지막 절은 절의 끝과 더 잘 연결된다. 시온의 딸의 장막 위에 하나님이 자신의 진노를 불처럼 쏟아부으셨다는 것이다. 선지자는 앞 절에서 사용한 비유를 반복한다. 이것은 우리가 주의 깊게 살펴야 할 것이다. 하나님이 이사야 10:7을 통해 자신의 원수들에게 삼키는 불이 되실 것을 위협하신다. "이스라엘의 빛이 불이 되고 그의 거룩하신 자가 불꽃이 되실 것이라 하루 사이에 그의 형극과 모든 가시나무를 삼키실 것이며." 거기서 하나님은 갈대아인들을 위협하셨다. 마치 그분이 자신의 백성을 위한 후원자요 방어자로서 갈대아인들과 싸우실 것처럼. 그분은 자신을 이스라엘의 빛이요 거룩하신 자라고 부르신다. 따라서 그분이 갈대아인들에게 불과 불꽃이 되실 것이라고 말씀하셨다. 그런데 여기서 무슨 말씀을 하시는가? 하나님이 자신의 진노를 불처럼 쏟아부으셨고 그 불꽃이 이스라엘에서 볼 만한 모든 것을 삼켰다는 것이다. 이로부터 우리는 백성이 하나님의 보복을 자기 자신에게로 향하게 했음을 본다. 그것은 그렇지 않으면 원수들에게 쏟아졌을 것이다. 따라서 백성의 죄가 배가되었다.

원주석

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These words might seem superfluous, since the Prophet has often repeated, that God was become an enemy to his own people; but we shall hereafter see, that though they were extremely afflicted, they yet did not rightly consider whence their calamity arose. As, then, they had become so stupified by their evils, that they did not turn their eyes to God, they were on this account often urged and stimulated, that they might at length understand by their evils that God was a judge. Now, as it was difficult to convince them of this truth, the Prophet did not think it enough briefly to touch on it, but found it necessary to dwell on it at large, so that the people might at length be roused from their insensibility. He then says that God himself was to them as an enemy , lest the Israelites should fix their eyes on the Chaldeans, and thus think that they had been the chief movers of the war. He therefore says, that they had undertaken that war through the secret influence of God, and had carried it on successfully, because God endued them with his own power. And hence the faithful ought to have concluded, that nothing could have been more grievous than to have God as their adversary; for as long as they had suffered themselves to be defended by the hand of God, they were victorious, we know, over all their enemies, so that they could then brave all dangers with impunity. The Prophet now reminds them, that as they had been successful and prosperous under the defense and protection of God, so now they were miserable, for no other reason but that God fought against them. But we ought at the same time to bear in mind the truth, which we have noticed, that God is never angry with men without reason; and since he was especially inclined to shew favor to his people, we must understand that he would not have been thus indignant, had not necessity constrained him. He has destroyed Israel , he says; he has destroyed all his palaces ; and afterwards, he has dissipated or demolished all his fortresses ; and finally, he has increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation; תאניה ואניה tanie veanie , words derived from the same root, but joined together for the sake of amplifying, not only in this place, but also in the twenty-ninth chapter of Isaiah, and in other places. The meaning is, that God had not put an end to his vengeance, because the people had not resolved to put an end to their obstinate wickedness. He afterwards adds, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"

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이 말들은 선지자가 하나님이 자신의 백성의 원수가 되셨다고 자주 반복한 것을 생각하면 불필요한 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 그러나 나중에 보게 될 것처럼 그들이 극심하게 고통받았지만 재앙이 어디서 왔는지 옳게 생각하지 않았다. 그러므로 그들이 악으로 인해 하나님이 심판자라는 것을 마침내 이해할 수 있도록, 자주 촉구되고 자극되었다. 이것이 선지자가 하나님 자신이 그들에게 원수와 같으셨다고 말하는 이유이다. 이스라엘 사람들이 갈대아인들에게 눈을 고정하여 그들이 전쟁의 주된 발동자라고 생각하지 않도록 하기 위해서이다. 따라서 그는 그들이 하나님의 은밀한 영향력에 의해 그 전쟁을 시작하고 성공적으로 수행했다고 말한다. 하나님이 자신의 권능으로 그들에게 힘을 주셨기 때문이다.

그러므로 믿는 자들은 하나님을 대적자로 두는 것보다 더 가혹한 것이 없다고 결론 내렸어야 했다. 하나님의 손으로 지켜지는 동안 그들이 모든 원수를 이겼고 모든 위험을 거리낌 없이 견딜 수 있었음을 우리는 안다. 선지자는 그들이 하나님의 방어와 보호 아래 성공하고 번성했던 것처럼, 이제 불행한 것도 하나님이 그들을 대적하여 싸우시는 것 외에 다른 이유가 없다고 상기시킨다. 그러나 우리가 살펴본 진리도 동시에 기억해야 한다. 하나님은 결코 이유 없이 사람들에게 화내지 않으신다. 그분이 특히 자신의 백성에게 은혜를 베푸시기를 기뻐하셨으므로, 필요가 그분을 강제하지 않았다면 그분이 이처럼 분개하시지 않았을 것이다.

"그는 이스라엘을 삼키셨다. 그는 그의 모든 궁전을 삼키셨다." 이어서 "그는 그의 모든 요새를 흩으시거나 무너뜨리셨다." 마지막으로 그는 유다의 딸에게 슬픔과 탄식을 더하셨다고 한다. 같은 어원에서 나온 두 단어가 확장을 위해 함께 묶인 것은 이 자리에서뿐 아니라 이사야 29장과 다른 곳에서도 그러하다. 그 의미는 하나님이 자신의 보복을 끝내지 않으셨다는 것이다. 백성이 자신들의 완고한 악을 끝내기로 결심하지 않았기 때문이다.

원주석

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Then he says first, that his tabernacle had been overthrown by God . They who render it “cottage” extenuate too much what is spoken of; nor does the Prophet simply compare the sanctuary of God to a cottage. Then I take tabernacle in a good sense. With regard to the verb חמם , chemes , as it means to migrate, they properly render it, as I think, who give this version, that God had removed his tabernacle; nor do I disapprove of repeating the word tabernacle. God, then, had removed his tabernacle, as though it were a cottage in a garden. Watchmen, as it appears from the first chapter of Isaiah, had then cottages in their gardens, but only for a time, as is the case at this day with those who watch over their vineyards; they have, until the time of vintage, small chests in which they conceal themselves. The Prophet then says, that though God’s tabernacle was honorable, and of high dignity, it was yet like a cottage in a garden. It is not, however, a simple comparison, as before stated, and therefore I reject the opinion of those who render it cottage, for it is not suitable, and it would be unmeaning. God , then, hath removed his tabernacle as a garden , that is, the sanctuary where he dwelt. And how did he remove it? even as a garden-cottage. And as watchers of gardens were wont to construct their little cots of leaves of trees and slight materials, so the Prophet, in order to increase commiseration, says, that the sacred habitation of God was like a cottage in a garden, because it was removed from one place to another; and thus he intimates that God regarded as nothing what he had previously adorned with singular excellencies. (151) He then adds, that God had destroyed his testimony . By the word, מועד , muod , he means the same throughout; but some confine it to the ark of the covenant, and of this I do not disapprove. We must yet bear in mind the design of the Prophet, which was to shew that by the entire ruin of the Temple the covenant of God was in a manner abolished. It is, indeed, certain, that God had not forgotten his faithfulness and constancy, but this abolition of his covenant refers to what appeared to men. He then says, that the sanctuary which was, as it were, the testimony of God’s favor, had been overthrown. Now, as he repeats again the word מועד , muod , it may be that he thus refers to the Tabernacle, either because the holy assemblies met there, or because it had been solemnly dedicated, that God might there hold intercourse with his people. For מועד , muod , means a fixed time, it means an assembly, it means a festival, and sometimes it means a sacrifice; and all these signification’s are not unsuitable: yet when he says that God had destroyed his testimony , I apply this to the Tabernacle itself, or, if it seems to any preferable, to the ark of the covenant; though the former is the most suitable, because it was a place consecrated, as it has been stated, for mutual intercourse. He afterwards says, that God had forgotten the assembly , the sacrifice, or the tabernacle; for it is the same word again, but it seems not to be taken in the same sense. Then I think that מועד , muod , is to be taken here for the assembly. As he had previously said, that the place where the holy assemblies met had been overthrown or destroyed, so now he says, that God had no care for all those assemblies, as though they had been buried in perpetual oblivion; for he mentions also the Sabbath , which corresponds with the subject. God, then, had forgotten all the assemblies as well as the Sabbath. There is, again, as to this last word, a part stated for the whole, for this word was no doubt intended to include all the festivals. The meaning of the passage then is, that the impiety of the people had been so great, that God, having, as it were, forgotten his covenant, had inflicted such a dreadful punishment, that religion, for a time, was in a manner trodden under foot. He says, in the last place, that the king and the priest had been rejected by God. We have already said, that these were as two pledges of God’s paternal favor; for, on the one hand, he who reigned from the posterity of David was a living image of Christ; and on the other hand, there was always a high-priest from the posterity of Aaron to reconcile men to God. It was then the same as though God shewed himself in every way propitious to the chosen people. Then their true happiness was founded on the kingdom and the priesthood; for the kingdom was, as it were, a mark of God’s favor for their defense, and the priesthood was to them the means by which reconciliation with God was obtained. When, therefore, God wholly disregarded the king and the priest, it became hence evident, that he was greatly displeased with his people, having thus, in a manner, obliterated his favors. It follows, — (151) The word שכו is rendered by the versions in the sense of סכו , “his tabernacle;” but by so doing they make it the same in effect with מועדו , “his place of meeting,” in the following clause. The verb חמס never means what Calvin says, to migrate or to remove, but to cast off, or to throw down, that is, with force or violence. Then שר , a fence or enclosure, is what suits the verb, — 6. And he has thrown down as that of a garden his enclosure, He has destroyed his assembling-place; Forgotten hath Jehovah in Sion the assembly and the Sabbath; And has cast off, in the foaming of his wrath, the king and the priest. The “enclosure,” or fence, refers to the courts which surrounded the Temple; hence the place where the people assembled was destroyed. God had regarded it no more than the fence of a common garden. There is “fence” understood after כ , no uncommon thing in Hebrew. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"

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선지자는 먼저 하나님이 그분의 장막을 뒤엎으셨다고 말한다. '오두막'으로 번역하는 이들은 말해지는 것을 너무 약화시킨다. 선지자는 단순히 하나님의 성소를 오두막에 비교하는 것이 아니다. 그러므로 나는 장막을 좋은 의미로 취한다. 동사에 관해서는 '이동하다'를 의미하는 것으로, 내 생각에 '하나님이 그의 장막을 이동시키셨다'고 번역하는 이들이 옳게 보인다. 또한 장막이라는 말을 반복하는 것도 거부하지 않는다. 따라서 하나님은 그분의 장막을, 자신이 거하시던 성소를, 마치 동산의 오두막처럼 이동시키셨다.

그분은 어떻게 그것을 이동시키셨는가? 동산 오두막처럼 말이다. 동산의 지키는 자들은 나뭇잎과 가벼운 재료들로 작은 오두막을 짓는 것이 보통이었다. 선지자는 긍휼의 마음을 더하기 위해, 하나님의 거룩한 처소가 동산 오두막처럼 되었다고 말한다. 한 자리에서 다른 자리로 이동되었기 때문이다. 이로써 그는 하나님이 이전에 특별한 탁월함으로 장식하셨던 것을 이제 아무것도 아닌 것처럼 여기셨음을 시사한다.

그는 이어서 하나님이 자신의 증거를 파괴하셨다고 한다. 어떤 이들은 이것을 언약궤에 제한하는데, 그것도 거부하지 않는다. 그러나 선지자의 의도, 곧 성전이 완전히 멸망됨으로써 하나님의 언약이 어떤 의미에서 폐기되었음을 보여 주려는 것을 기억해야 한다. 물론 하나님이 자신의 신실하심과 불변하심을 잊지 않으셨음은 확실하지만, 이 언약의 폐기는 사람들에게 나타난 것을 가리킨다. 따라서 그는 하나님의 은혜의 증거와 같았던 성소가 뒤엎혔다고 말한다.

선지자는 하나님이 안식일과 회막을 잊으셨다고 덧붙인다. 이 마지막 말은 전체를 일부로 표현하는 것이다. 이 말은 의심할 여지 없이 모든 절기를 포함하도록 의도되었기 때문이다. 본문의 의미는, 백성의 불경건이 너무나 커서, 하나님이 자신의 언약을 마치 잊어버리신 것처럼, 종교가 얼마 동안 어떤 의미에서 짓밟힐 만큼 무서운 형벌을 내리셨다는 것이다.

마지막으로 왕과 제사장이 하나님께 버림을 받았다고 말한다. 이 둘은 하나님의 부성적 은혜의 두 보증과 같은 것이었다고 우리는 이미 말했다. 한편으로는 다윗의 후손에서 다스리는 자가 그리스도의 살아 있는 형상이었고, 다른 한편으로는 항상 아론의 후손에서 사람들을 하나님과 화해시키는 대제사장이 있었다. 그러므로 하나님이 선택받은 백성에게 모든 면에서 자신을 은혜롭게 나타내시는 것과 같았다. 따라서 그들의 참된 행복은 왕국과 제사장 제도에 근거하고 있었다. 왕국은 보호를 위한 하나님의 은혜의 표시와 같았고, 제사장 제도는 하나님과의 화해를 얻는 수단이었다. 그러므로 하나님이 왕과 제사장을 완전히 무시하셨을 때, 그분이 자신의 은혜들을 어떤 의미에서 지워버리심으로써 자신의 백성과 크게 불화하셨음이 드러났다.

원주석

7절 카드 ↗

He proceeds with the same subject, and adopts similar words. He says first, that God had abominated his altar ; (152) an expression not strictly proper, but the Prophet could not otherwise fully shew to the Jews what they deserved; for had he only spoken of the city, of the lands, of the palaces, of the vineyards, and, in short, of all their possessions, it would have been a much lighter matter; but when he says that God had counted as nothing all their sacred things, — the altar, the Temple, the ark of the covenant, and festive days, — when, therefore, he says, that God had not only disregarded, but had also cast away from him these things, which yet especially availed to conciliate his favor, the people must have hence perceived, except they were beyond measure stupid, how grievously they had provoked God’s wrath against themselves; for this was the same as though heaven and earth were blended together. Had there been an upsetting of all things, had the sun left its place and sunk into darkness, had the earth heaved upwards, the confusion would have hardly been more dreadful, than when God put forth thus his hand against the sanctuary, the altar, the festal days, and all their sacred things. But we must refer to the reason why this was done, even because the Temple had been long polluted by the iniquities of the people, and because all sacred things had been wickedly and disgracefully profaned. We now, then, understand the reason why the Prophet enlarged so much on a subject in itself sufficiently plain. He afterwards adds, He hath delivered all the palaces , etc.; as though he had said, that the city had not been taken by the valor of enemies, but that the Chaldeans had fought under the authority and banner of God. He, in short, intimates that the Jews had miserably perished, because they perished through their own fault; and that the Chaldeans had proved victorious in battle, and had taken the city, not through their own courage or skill, but because God had resolved to punish that ungodly and wicked people. It follows in the last place, that the enemies had made a noise in the temple of God as in the day of solemnity . Here also the Prophet shews, that God would have never suffered the enemies insolently to exult and to revel in the very Temple, had not the Israelites deserved all this; for the insolence of their enemies was not unknown to God, and he might have easily checked it if he pleased. Why, then, did he grant so much license to these profane enemies? even because the Jews themselves had previously polluted the Temple, so that he abhorred all their solemn assemblies, as also he declares by Isaiah, that he detested their festivals, Sabbaths, and new moons. ( Isaiah 1:13 .) But it was a shocking change, when enemies entered the place which God had consecrated for himself, and there insolently boasted and uttered base and wicked calumnies against God! But the sadder the spectacle, the more detestable appeared the impiety of the people, which had been the cause of so great evils. For we ought ever to remember what I have often stated, that these circumstances were noticed by the Prophet, that the people might at length acknowledge themselves guilty as to all these evils, which they would have otherwise ascribed to the Chaldeans. That, then, the Chaldeans polluted the Temple, that they trod under foot all sacred things, all this the Prophet shews was to be ascribed to the Jews themselves, who had, through their own conduct, opened the Temple to the Chaldeans, who had exposed all sacred things to their will and pleasure. It follows, — (152) Our version, “cast off,” gives the real meaning of the verb. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"

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선지자는 같은 주제를 계속하며 유사한 말들을 사용한다. 그는 먼저 하나님이 자신의 제단을 가증하게 여기셨다고 말한다. 이것은 엄밀하게 적절한 표현이 아니지만, 선지자는 유대인들에게 그들이 무엇을 받을 만한지를 달리 충분히 나타낼 수 없었다. 성읍에 대해서만, 땅과 궁전과 포도원과 간단히 모든 소유에 대해서만 말했다면 훨씬 가벼운 문제였을 것이다. 그러나 하나님이 모든 거룩한 것들, 곧 제단, 성전, 언약궤, 절기를 아무것도 아닌 것으로 여기셨을 뿐 아니라 자신에게서 이것들을 던져 버리셨다고 말할 때, 백성은 이로부터, 측량할 수 없이 둔한 자들이 아니라면, 자신들이 하나님의 진노를 얼마나 심각하게 자극했는지를 알 수 있었다. 이것은 마치 하늘과 땅이 뒤섞인 것과 같았다.

태양이 그 자리를 떠나 어두움으로 가라앉고 땅이 위로 솟아오른다 해도 혼란이 더 무섭지는 않았을 것이다. 하나님이 성소와 제단과 절기와 모든 거룩한 것들에 대적하여 이처럼 손을 뻗으셨을 때보다. 그러나 이것이 행해진 이유도 언급해야 한다. 성전이 오래 전부터 백성의 죄악으로 더럽혀졌고, 모든 거룩한 것들이 악하고 치욕스럽게 더럽혀졌기 때문이다.

선지자가 자체로 충분히 명확한 주제에 대해 왜 이처럼 자세히 다루었는지 이제 이해한다. 이어서 그는 덧붙인다. "그는 모든 궁전을 넘겨주셨다." 마치 성읍이 원수들의 용맹으로 취해진 것이 아니라 갈대아인들이 하나님의 권위와 깃발 아래 싸웠다고 말하는 것처럼. 요컨대 유대인들이 비참하게 멸망한 것은 자신들의 잘못으로 인한 것이고, 갈대아인들이 전투에서 이겨 성읍을 취한 것은 자신들의 용기나 기술 때문이 아니라 하나님이 그 불경건하고 사악한 백성을 형벌하기로 작정하셨기 때문이라는 것을 시사한다.

마지막으로 원수들이 마치 절기 날처럼 하나님의 성전에서 소란을 피웠다고 한다. 이스라엘 사람들이 이 모든 것을 받을 만하지 않았다면, 하나님은 결코 원수들이 성전 안에서 오만하게 떠들며 소란 피우는 것을 허용하지 않으셨을 것이라고 선지자는 여기서도 보여 준다. 원수들의 오만함이 하나님에게 알려지지 않은 것이 아니었고, 만약 그분이 원하셨다면 쉽게 그것을 막으실 수 있었다. 그렇다면 왜 이 불경한 원수들에게 그런 자유를 허용하셨는가? 유대인들 자신이 이전에 성전을 더럽혔기 때문에, 하나님이 그들의 모든 엄숙한 회집을 혐오하게 되었기 때문이다. 이사야를 통해서도 그분이 그들의 절기와 안식일과 초하루를 싫어하셨다고 선언하신다(이사야 1:13).

원주석

8절 카드 ↗

The verb to think , has more force than what is commonly assigned to it; for it would be very flat to say, that God thought to destroy ; but to think here means to resolve or to decree. (153) This is one thing. And then we must bear in mind the contrast between this and those false imaginations, by which men are wont to be drawn away, so as not to believe that God is present in adversities as well as prosperity. As, therefore, men go willfully astray through various false thoughts, and thus withdraw themselves, as it were, designedly from God, the Prophet says here that the walls of Jerusalem had not fallen by chance, but had been overthrown through a divine decree, because God had so determined, according to what we have seen in many places throughout the book of Jeremiah: “See, these are the thoughts which God has thought respecting Jerusalem, which he has thought respecting Babylon.” The Prophet, then, in these instances, taught what he now confirms in this place, that when the city Jerusalem was destroyed, it was not what happened by chance; but because God had brought there the Chaldeans, and employed them as his instruments in taking and destroying the city: God, then, has thought to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion . It is, indeed, true, that the Chaldeans had actively carried on the war, and omitted nothing as to military skill, in order to take the city: but the Prophet calls here the attention of the Jews to a different thought, so that they might acknowledge that they suffered justly for their sins, and that God was the chief author of that war, and that the Chaldeans were to be viewed as hired soldiers. He afterwards adds, that God had extended a line or a rule, as it is usually done in separating buildings. (154) And then he says, He hath not drawn back his hand from scattering; and so it was, that the ramparts and the walls mourned, and fell down together (155) We now see that what the Prophet had in view was to lead the Jews fully to believe that the destruction was not to be ascribed to the Chaldeans, but, on the contrary, to God. Added at the same time must be another part of what is here taught, that God would not have been so displeased with the holy city which he had chosen, had not the people extremely provoked him with their sins. It now follows, — (153) The verb is often used in this secondary sense, to purpose or resolve or determine, as the result of thinking. The Vulg . and the Targ . very improperly retain its primary meaning, but the Syr . gives that of resolving or determining. — Ed . (154) It was the line of destruction as mentioned in Isaiah 34:11 , designed to point out what was to be destroyed. — Ed . (155) The verbs אבל , to mourn, and אסל , to be faint, to fail, when applied to inanimate things, mean to be desolate and to decay. This clause then ought to be thus rendered, — So that he has made desolate the rampart and the wall, They are become wholly decayed together. The connection shows that the where must be rendered, “so that;” and as the last verb has the last letter doubled, the word “wholly” ought to be introduced. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-9" class="com-number"

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'생각하다'라는 동사는 일반적으로 부여되는 것보다 더 큰 힘을 가지고 있다. 하나님이 파괴하기를 생각하셨다고 말하는 것은 매우 평범할 것이기 때문이다. 그러나 '생각하다'는 여기서 결심하거나 작정하는 것을 의미한다. 이것이 하나가지이다. 그런 다음 이것과 사람들이 어떻게든 끌려가는 거짓 상상들 사이의 대비를 기억해야 한다. 그래서 그들은 역경뿐 아니라 번영에서도 하나님이 현재하심을 믿지 않는다. 그러므로 사람들이 다양한 거짓 생각들을 통해 의도적으로 미혹되어 어떤 의미에서 의도적으로 하나님으로부터 물러나는 것처럼, 선지자는 여기서 예루살렘의 성벽이 우연히 무너진 것이 아니라 하나님이 그처럼 결정하셨기 때문에 신성한 작정으로 무너진 것이라고 말한다.

선지자는 이전에 예레미야서의 여러 곳에서 보았던 것처럼 가르쳤다. "보라, 이것들이 하나님이 예루살렘에 관해, 바벨론에 관해 생각하신 생각들이다." 따라서 선지자는 이 경우들에서 이제 이 자리에서 확증하는 것을 가르쳤다. 예루살렘 성읍이 파괴되었을 때 그것은 우연히 일어난 일이 아니었다. 오히려 하나님이 갈대아인들을 거기로 데려오시고 성읍을 취하고 파괴하기 위한 도구로 사용하셨기 때문이다.

"하나님은 시온의 딸의 성벽을 파괴하기로 작정하셨다." 갈대아인들이 전쟁을 열심히 수행하고 성읍을 취하기 위해 군사적 기술에서 아무것도 빠뜨리지 않은 것은 사실이다. 그러나 선지자는 여기서 유대인들의 주의를 다른 생각으로 돌린다. 그들이 자신들의 죄로 인해 의롭게 고통받고, 하나님이 그 전쟁의 주된 작자이시며 갈대아인들은 고용 군인들로 보아야 한다는 것이다. 이어서 그가 줄을, 건물들을 나눌 때 보통 하는 것처럼 규칙을 뻗으셨다고 한다. 이것은 이사야 34:11에서 언급한 것과 같은 파괴의 줄이다. 무엇이 파괴될 것인지를 가리키도록 설계된 것이다.

그는 이어서 흩는 것에서 손을 거두지 않으셨다고 한다. 그리하여 성루와 성벽이 탄식하며 함께 무너졌다고 한다. 이제 선지자가 목표로 삼은 것이 보인다. 유대인들이 파괴가 갈대아인들이 아니라 하나님께 돌려져야 한다는 것을 충분히 믿도록 이끄는 것이었다. 또한 하나님이 그처럼 거룩한 성읍을 선택하셨지만 아무 이유 없이 기뻐하지 않으셨을 것이 아니라, 백성이 자신들의 죄로 그분을 극도로 자극했기 때문이라는 다른 부분도 덧붙여야 한다.

원주석

9절 카드 ↗

He again relates in other words what he had said, that the walls of Jerusalem had fallen. But he now speaks of the gates and says, that they had sunk into the ground , or had become fixed in the ground; for it may be explained in both ways; as though he had said, that the gates had been no hindrance to the enemies so as to prevent them to enter the city. He thus derides the foolish confidence of the people, who relied on their defenses and thought the city impregnable. He then says that the gates had sunk , or had become fixed in the ground He then says that God had destroyed and broken her bars ; for no doubt the gates had firm and strong bars. He then says that neither the gates nor the bars were found sufficient, when God stretched forth his hand to the Chaldeans, to lead them into the city. He afterwards adds, that both the king and the princes had been driven into exile; for when he says, among the nations , or to the nations, he intimates that there was no more a king, for he and the royal seed and the princes were gone into banishment. The rest I defer until tomorrow. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-10" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-9

Source

선지자는 다른 말로 자신이 말한 것, 곧 예루살렘의 성벽이 무너졌다는 것을 다시 말한다. 그러나 이제 그는 성문들에 대해 말하며 그것들이 땅에 가라앉거나 땅에 박혔다고 한다. 양쪽으로 설명될 수 있다. 마치 성문들이 원수들이 성읍에 들어오는 것을 막는 방해물이 되지 못했다고 말하는 것처럼. 이로써 그는 자신들의 방어를 믿고 성읍이 공략 불가능하다고 생각한 백성의 어리석은 신뢰를 조롱한다.

그는 이어서 하나님이 그 빗장들을 파괴하고 부수셨다고 말한다. 성문들에 튼튼하고 강한 빗장이 있었음은 의심할 여지가 없다. 따라서 하나님이 갈대아인들에게 손을 뻗으시어 그들을 성읍으로 이끄셨을 때, 성문도 빗장도 충분하지 못했다고 말한다. 이어서 왕과 방백들이 모두 유배로 쫓겨났다고 한다. "민족들 중에"라고 말할 때, 더 이상 왕이 없다고 시사한다. 그와 왕의 씨와 방백들이 모두 추방되었기 때문이다.

원주석

10절 카드 ↗

The Prophet here strikingly represents the grievousness of the people’s calamity, when he says, that the elders , as in hopeless despair, were lying on the ground , that they cast dust on their heads , that they were clad in sackcloth , as it was usually done in very grievous sorrow, and that the virgins bent their heads down to the ground . The meaning is, that the elders knew not what to do, and led others. to join them in acts of fruitless and abject lamentation. We indeed know that young women are over-careful as to their form and beauty, and indulge themselves in pleasures; and that when they roll themselves with their face and hair on the ground, it is a token of extreme mourning. This is what the Prophet means. They were wont indeed to put on sackcloth as a token of repentance, and to cast dust on their heads; but their minds were often so confused, that they only thus set forth their mourning and sorrow, and had no regard to God; and hypocrites, when they put on sackcloth, pretended to repent, but it was a false pretense. Now in this place the Prophet does not mean that the elders by adopting these rites professed to repent and humbly to solicit pardon; but refers to them only as tokens of sorrow; as though he had said, that the elders had no resources, and that the young women had no hope nor joy. For the elders did lie down on the ground, as it is usual with those who have no remedy. We now understand the meaning of the Prophet. (157) It follows, — (157) The verse may be thus rendered, — 10. They sit on the ground, they are silent, the elders of the daughter of Sion; They have cast dust on their head, they have girded on sackcloth; They have bent to the ground their head, the daughters of Jerusalem. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-11" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-10

Source

선지자는 여기서 백성의 재앙의 가혹함을 두드러지게 묘사한다. 장로들이 소망 없는 절망 가운데 땅에 누워 있고, 머리에 티끌을 뿌리고, 매우 심각한 슬픔에서 보통 하듯이 굵은 베로 둘렀으며, 처녀들이 땅까지 머리를 숙였다고 말한다. 의미는 장로들이 어떻게 해야 할지 알지 못하여 다른 이들도 함께 헛되고 비굴한 탄식의 행위에 참여하도록 이끌었다는 것이다.

우리는 실로 젊은 여성들이 자신들의 외모와 아름다움에 매우 신경을 쓰며 즐거움에 탐닉한다는 것을 안다. 그들이 얼굴과 머리카락을 땅에 대고 구를 때, 그것은 극한 슬픔의 표시이다. 이것이 선지자가 의미하는 것이다. 그들은 회개의 표시로 굵은 베를 입고 머리에 티끌을 뿌리는 것이 보통이었다. 그러나 그들의 마음이 종종 혼란스러워 슬픔과 탄식만을 나타내었으며 하나님을 생각하지 않았다. 위선자들이 굵은 베를 입을 때 회개하는 척했지만 거짓 척함이었다. 이제 이 자리에서 선지자는 장로들이 이 의식들을 채택함으로써 회개를 고백하고 용서를 겸손히 구한다는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 오직 슬픔의 표시로만 언급하는 것이다. 마치 장로들에게 아무런 방책이 없었고 젊은 여성들에게는 소망도 기쁨도 없었다고 말하는 것처럼. 장로들이 아무런 치료책이 없는 자들에게 보통이듯이 땅에 누워 있었기 때문이다.

원주석

11절 카드 ↗

The Prophet himself now speaks, and says that his eyes were consumed with tears , while weeping on account of the calamities of the people: even in the deepest grief tears at length dry up; but when there is no end of weeping, the sorrow, which as it were never ripens, must necessarily be very bitter. Jeremiah then expresses now the vehemence of his grief when he says that his eyes failed through shedding tears . He said in Jeremiah 9:0 , “Who will give me eyes for fountains?” that is, who will make my eyes to turn into fountains, that they may continually flow? and this he said, because he saw how dreadful a vengeance of God impended over the obstinate. But now, when he sees accomplished what he had dreaded, he says, that his eyes were consumed with weeping. To the same purpose is what he adds, that his bowels were disturbed . It is the same verb as we have seen before, חמרמרו , chemermeru ; which some render “bound,” as we also said then. I know not why one expositor has changed what he had elsewhere said rightly; he puts here, “swollen have my bowels.” But I see no reason why the verb should be taken here in a different sense, for it immediately follows, my liver is poured forth on the ground . He may, indeed, have included other parts of the intestines by stating a part for the whole. The word here properly means the liver, as when Solomon says, “He hath pierced my liver.” ( Proverbs 7:23 .) But Jeremiah, in short, shews that all his faculties were so seized with grief, that no part was exempt. He then says that his liver was poured forth , but in the same sense in which he said that his bowels were disturbed. They are indeed hyperbolical expressions; but as to the meaning, Jeremiah simply expresses his feelings; for there is no doubt but that he was incredibly anxious and sorrowful on account of so great a calamity; for he not only lamented the adversity in no ordinary way, but he also considered how wicked was that obstinacy in which the people had hardened themselves for almost fifty years; for he had spent himself in vain, not for a short time, but for nearly fifty years he never ceased to speak to them. He then, no doubt, thought within himself what the people had deserved, so that he had no common dread of God’s vengeance. This, then, was the reason why he said that his bowels were disturbed and his liver poured forth. (158) He, however, mentions the cause of his sorrow, even the breach or destruction of the daughter of his people ; and he mentions one thing in particular, because the little one and he who sucked the breasts vanished away in the streets of the city ; for so I render the verb עתף , otheph , which properly means to cover; but its secondary meaning is to vanish away, as we shall again presently see. It was, indeed, a miserable sight, when not only men and women were everywhere slain, but when, through famine, little children also fainted. We, indeed, know that infants move our pity, for the tears of a child in hunger penetrate into our inmost souls. When, therefore, little children and those who hung on their mothers’ breasts, cried through the streets of the city, it must have touched the most iron hearts. It was then not without reason that Jeremiah referred to this in particular, that little children and sucklings vanished away , not in a deserted and barren land, but in the very streets of the city. It follows, — (158) The verbs here are all in the past tense, and the versions so render them. Our version is wrong, as well as that of Blayney and Henderson, in rendering them in the present tense; for the Prophet is describing how he felt when he witnessed the destruction of Jerusalem, — 11. Consume with tears did my eyes, agitated were my bowels, Poured out on the ground was my liver, for the breach of the daughter of my people, When faint did the child and the suckling in the streets of the city. — Ed. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-11

Source

이제 선지자 자신이 말하며, 백성의 재앙으로 인해 슬퍼하며 자신의 눈이 눈물로 소진되었다고 한다. 가장 깊은 슬픔에서도 눈물은 마침내 마른다. 그러나 울음에 끝이 없을 때, 어떤 의미에서 결코 익지 않는 슬픔은 필연적으로 매우 쓴 것이다. 예레미야는 이제 눈물을 흘림으로 자신의 눈이 쇠진되었다고 말할 때 자신의 슬픔의 격렬함을 표현한다. 그는 예레미야 9장에서 "누가 내 머리를 물이 되게 하며 내 눈을 눈물 근원이 되게 할까?" 곧 누가 내 눈들이 샘들로 바뀌게 하여 계속 흘러넘치게 할까 라고 말했다. 이는 완고한 자들 위에 임박한 하나님의 무서운 보복을 보았기 때문이었다. 그런데 이제 두려워한 것이 이루어진 것을 볼 때, 울음으로 자신의 눈이 소진되었다고 말한다.

같은 목적으로 그는 자신의 창자가 어지러워졌다고 덧붙인다. 이전에 본 것과 같은 동사이다. 어떤 이들은 '묶였다'고 번역한다. 어떤 해석자가 다른 곳에서 옳게 말한 것을 왜 여기서 바꾸었는지 알 수 없다. 그는 여기서 "내 창자가 부었다"라고 표현한다. 동사가 여기서 다른 의미로 취해져야 할 이유를 나는 알지 못한다. 바로 뒤에 "내 간이 땅에 쏟아졌다"고 따라오기 때문이다. 그는 부분을 전체로 표현함으로써 다른 내장 부분들도 포함했을 수 있다. 이 단어는 본래 솔로몬이 "그가 내 간을 꿰뚫었다"(잠언 7:23)고 할 때처럼 간을 의미한다. 그러나 예레미야는 요컨대 자신의 모든 기능이 슬픔에 그처럼 사로잡혀 면제된 부분이 없었음을 보여 준다.

그는 간이 쏟아졌다고 말하는데, 창자가 어지러워졌다고 말한 것과 같은 의미에서이다. 이것들은 과장된 표현이지만, 의미에 관해 예레미야는 단순히 자신의 감정을 표현한다. 그가 이처럼 큰 재앙으로 인해 믿을 수 없을 정도로 불안하고 슬펐다는 것은 의심할 여지가 없다. 그는 단순히 비범한 방식으로 역경을 슬퍼한 것이 아니라, 백성이 거의 50년 동안 자신들을 굳게 한 완고함이 얼마나 사악한 것인지도 생각했다. 그는 짧은 시간이 아니라 거의 50년 가까이 멈추지 않고 그들에게 말했지만 헛되었다. 따라서 그는 의심할 여지 없이 백성이 받을 만한 것, 하나님의 보복에 대한 비범한 두려움을 마음속으로 생각했다. 이것이 그가 자신의 창자가 어지러워지고 간이 쏟아졌다고 말한 이유이다.

그러나 그는 슬픔의 이유도 언급한다. 자기 백성의 딸의 파괴 때문이라고, 특히 어린 것과 젖 먹는 아이들이 성읍의 거리에서 사라졌기 때문이라고 한다. 그 동사는 본래 '덮다'를 의미하지만 '사라지다'를 이차적 의미로 가지며, 이는 곧 볼 것이다. 실로 남녀만이 아니라 어린 아이들도 기근으로 기절하는 것은 비참한 광경이었다. 어린 아이들이 우리의 동정을 일으킨다는 것을 우리는 안다. 굶주린 어린 아이의 눈물은 우리의 가장 깊은 마음속을 꿰뚫기 때문이다. 어린 아이들과 어머니의 젖을 먹는 자들이 성읍의 거리에서 울 때, 그것은 가장 굳은 마음도 울렸을 것이다. 따라서 예레미야가 특히 이것, 즉 어린 아이들과 젖 먹는 아이들이 황폐하고 척박한 땅이 아니라 성읍의 바로 거리에서 사라졌다는 것을 언급한 것은 이유가 없지 않다.

원주석

12절 카드 ↗

There is either a personification in the words of the Prophet, or he speaks now of another party, for he cannot refer now to children sucking their mothers’ breasts, for they could not have expressly said, Where is corn and wine? and the use of wine is not allowed to infants. Then the words of the Prophets extend further, for not infants, but children somewhat grown up, could have thus spoken. And in this view there is nothing unreasonable or forced, for he spoke of little children, and to little children he joined infants. (159) And now he refers only to one party, even that children, who could now speak, complained to their mothers that there was no bread nor wine, that is, no means of support, no food. If, however, any one prefers a personification, I do not object; and this view would not be unsuitable, that even infants by their silence cried for food; for the tears of children speak more efficaciously than when one gives utterance to words. However this may be, the Prophet intimates that such was the scarcity, that children died in the bosom of their mothers, and in vain sought food and cried that they were without support. He then says that they said to their mothers ; (160) by which expression he means that their complaints were the more pitiable, because their mothers could afford them no help. And we know how tender and affectionate are the feelings of mothers, for a mother would willingly nourish her own child, not only with her own milk, but even, if possible, with her life. When, therefore, the Prophet says that children cried to their mothers, he means to represent a sad spectacle, and which ought justly to produce horror in the minds of all. Where is bread and wine? he says, even when they vanished away (some say “fainted,” but I prefer, as I have said, this rendering) as a dead man in the streets ; and further, when they poured out , a sadder thing still, — when they poured out their souls into the bosom of their mothers . It now follows, — (159) That young children and infants are spoken of, is evident from the end of the verse; the one died in the streets, and the other in the mother’s bosom. The question, “Where is corn,” &c., is to be understood of the children, young boys and girls. — Ed . (160) To correspond with the former verse, the versions render this, “They said to their mothers.” The verb is, indeed, in the future tense, and it might be rendered, “To their mothers would they say;” for the Hebrew future may be thus rendered, — 12. To their mothers would they say,” Where is corn and wine?” When they fainted as one wounded in the streets of the city, When they poured out their life into the bosom of their mothers. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-12

Source

선지자의 말에 의인화가 있거나, 그가 이제 다른 당사자에 대해 말하는 것이다. 그는 이제 어머니의 젖을 먹는 어린 아이들을 가리킬 수 없다. 그들이 "곡식과 포도주가 어디 있느냐?"고 명확하게 말할 수 없었기 때문이다. 포도주는 어린 아이들에게 허용되지 않는다. 따라서 선지자의 말은 더 넓은 범위에 미친다. 어린 아이들이 아니라 좀 더 자란 아이들이 이처럼 말할 수 있었을 것이다. 이 견해에 불합리하거나 억지스러운 것이 없다. 그는 어린 아이들에 대해 말했고 어린 아이들에 젖 먹는 아이들을 합쳤다. 이제 그는 한 쪽만 가리킨다. 곧 이제 말할 수 있는 아이들이 어머니들에게 빵도 포도주도, 곧 생계를 유지하는 어떤 수단도 음식도 없다고 불평했다는 것이다.

그는 그들이 어머니들에게 말했다고 한다. 이 표현으로 그들의 불평이 어머니들이 아무런 도움을 줄 수 없었기 때문에 더욱 가엾었음을 의미한다. 어머니들의 감정이 얼마나 부드럽고 애정이 넘치는지 우리는 안다. 어머니는 자신의 젖으로뿐 아니라 가능하다면 자신의 생명으로도 자녀를 기꺼이 기르려 할 것이다. 선지자가 아이들이 어머니들에게 울었다고 말할 때, 그는 슬픈 광경을 묘사하려 한다. 그것은 모든 사람의 마음에 공포를 일으켜야 마땅한 것이었다.

"곡식과 포도주가 어디 있느냐?" 그들이 사라졌을 때, 어떤 이들은 '기절했다'고 말하지만 나는 이 번역을 선호한다. 상처받은 자처럼 거리에서 사라졌을 때. 나아가 더 슬픈 것이 그들이 어머니들의 품에 자신들의 영혼을 쏟아냈을 때이다.

원주석

13절 카드 ↗

When we wish to alleviate grief, we are wont to bring examples which have some likeness to the case before us. For when any one seeks to comfort one in illness, he will say, “Thou art not the first nor the last, thou hast many like thee; why shouldest thou so much torment thyself; for this is a condition almost common to mortals.” As, then, it is an ordinary way of alleviating grief to bring forward examples, the Prophet says, “What examples shall I set before thee? that is, why or to what purpose should I mention to thee this or that man who is like thee? or, What then shall I call thee to witness, or testify to thee?,” But I prefer this rendering, “To what purpose should I bring witnesses to thee, who may say that they have seen something of a like kind? for these things will avail thee nothing.” (161) The Prophet, then, means that comforts commonly administered to those in misery, would be of no benefit, because the calamity of Jerusalem exceeded all other examples, as though he had said, “No such thing had ever happened in the world; God had never before thundered so tremendously against any people; were I, then, to seek to bring examples to thee, I should be utterly at a loss; for when I compare thee with others in misery, I find that thou exceedest them all. “We now, then, perceive the meaning of the Prophet: he wished by this mode of speaking to exaggerate the grievousness of Jerusalem’s calamity, for she had been afflicted in a manner unusual and unheard of before; as though he had said that the Jews had become miserable beyond all other nations. Why then should I bring witnesses before thee? and why should I make any one like thee? why should I make other miserable people equal to thee? He adds the reason or the end (for the ו , vau , here ought to be so rendered) that I might comfort thee , that is, after the usual manner of men. He afterwards adds, because great as the sea is thy breach or breaking; that is, “Thy calamity is the deepest abyss: I cannot then find any in the whole world whom I can compare to thee, for thy calamity exceeds all calamities; nor is there anything like it that can be set before thee, so that thou art become a memorable example for all ages.” But when we hear the Prophet speaking thus, we ought to remember that we have succeeded in the place of the ancient people. As, then, God had formerly punished with so much severity the sins of his chosen people, we ought to beware lest we in the present day provoke him to an extremity by our perverseness, for he remains ever like himself. But whenever it may happen that we are severely afflicted and broken down by his hand, let us still know that there is yet some comfort remaining for us, even when sunk down in the lowest depth. The Prophet, indeed, exaggerates in this place the evils of the people; but he had previously begun to encourage the faithful to entertain hope; and he will again repeat the same doctrine. But it was necessary for the Prophet to use such words until those who were as yet torpid in their sins, and did not sufficiently consider the design of God’s vengeance, were really humbled. He adds, — (161) The simpler rendering would be, “What shall I testify (or declare) to thee?” So the Sept : or, “What shall I call thee to witness?” — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-14" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-13

Source

슬픔을 덜어 주려 할 때, 우리는 보통 우리 앞에 있는 경우와 어떤 유사성이 있는 예들을 가져온다. 어떤 이가 병든 사람을 위로하려 한다면, 그는 "당신이 처음도 마지막도 아니다, 당신 같은 사람이 많다. 왜 그토록 자신을 고문하는가? 이것은 거의 인간에게 공통된 상태이다"라고 말할 것이다. 예들을 제시하는 것이 슬픔을 덜어 주는 보통 방법이므로, 선지자는 "내가 네게 무슨 예들을 제시해야 하는가? 곧 내가 왜 혹은 어떤 목적으로 너와 같은 저 사람 혹은 저 사람을 네게 언급해야 하는가? 아니면 내가 너에게 무엇을 증언하겠는가?"라고 말한다.

그러나 나는 이 번역을 선호한다. "내가 무슨 목적으로 네게 유사한 것을 보았다고 말할 수 있는 증인들을 가져와야 하는가? 이것들이 네게 아무 소용도 없을 것이기 때문이다." 선지자는 비참함 가운데 있는 이들에게 보통 주어지는 위로들이 아무 유익이 없을 것이라는 것을 의미한다. 예루살렘의 재앙이 다른 모든 예들을 초과하기 때문이다. 마치 그가 "세상에서 그 같은 일이 한 번도 일어난 적이 없었다. 하나님이 어떤 백성에게도 이전에 이처럼 무섭게 천둥 치신 적이 없었다. 내가 예들을 가져오려 한다면 나는 완전히 막막할 것이다. 다른 비참한 이들과 비교할 때 네가 그들 모두를 초과한다"고 말하는 것처럼.

우리는 이제 선지자의 의미를 이해한다. 그는 이 말하는 방식으로 예루살렘의 재앙의 가혹함을 과장하려 했다. 예루살렘이 비범하고 전례 없는 방식으로 고통받았기 때문이다. 마치 그가 유대인들이 다른 모든 민족들보다 더 비참하게 되었다고 말하는 것처럼. "그렇다면 내가 왜 너 앞에 증인들을 세워야 하는가? 왜 내가 너와 같은 사람을 만들어야 하는가? 왜 내가 다른 비참한 사람들을 너와 동등하게 해야 하는가?" 그는 이유 혹은 목적을 덧붙인다. "내가 너를 위로할 것이라는" 것이다. 곧 사람들의 보통 방식을 따라. 이어서 "바다처럼 큰 것이 네 파괴이기 때문이다"고 한다. 곧 "네 재앙은 가장 깊은 심연이다. 나는 세상 어디에서도 너와 비교할 수 있는 자를 찾을 수 없다. 네 재앙이 모든 재앙을 초과하기 때문이다. 따라서 너와 비교할 수 있는 것이 없으니, 너는 모든 시대에 기억할 만한 예가 되었다."

원주석

14절 카드 ↗

Here the Prophet condemns the Jews for that wantonness by which they had, as it were, designedly destroyed themselves, as though they had willfully drunk sweet poison. They had been inebriated with those fallacies which we have seen, when impostors promised them a prosperous condition; for we have seen that false prophets often boldly declared that whatever Jeremiah threatened was of no account. Since, then, the Jews were inebriated with such flatteries, and disregarded God’s judgment, and freely indulged themselves in their vices, the effect was, that God’s wrath had been always and continually kindled by them. Now, then, Jeremiah reproves them for such wantonness, even because they willfully sought to be deceived, and with avidity cast themselves into snares, by seeking for themselves flatterers as teachers. Micah also reproves them for the same thing, that they sought prophets who promised them a fruitful vintage and an abundant harvest. ( Micah 2:10 .) The meaning of Jeremiah is the same. He says that prophets had prophesied , or had seen vanity for them ; but the verb refers to prophecies, as prophets are called seers. He then says that the prophets had seen vanity and insipidity (162) This availed not to extenuate the fault of the people; and Jeremiah does not here flatter the people, as though they had perished through the fault of others; and yet this was a common excuse, for most, when they had been deceived, complained that they had fallen through being led astray, and also that they had not been sufficiently cautious when subtle men were laying snares for them. But the Prophet here condemns the Jews, because they had been deceived by false prophets, as it was a just reward for their vainglory and ambition. For they had very delicate ears, and free reproofs could not be endured by them; in a word, when they rejected all sound doctrine, the devil must have necessarily succeeded in the place of God, as also Paul says, “that those were justly punished who were blinded by God so as to believe a lie, because they received not the truth.” ( 2 Thessalonians 2:11 .) We now perceive the design of the Prophet: he says that the Jews had indeed been deceived by the false prophets; but this had happened through their own fault, because they had not submitted to obey God, because they had rejected sound doctrine, because they had been rebellious against all his counsels. At the same time, not only their crime seems to have been thus exaggerated, but also their shame was brought before them, — because they had dared to set up these impostors against Jeremiah as well as other servants of God; for they had boasted greatly of these their false prophets whenever they sought to exult against God. How great was this presumption! When the false prophets had promised them security, they immediately triumphed in an insolent manner over Jeremiah, as though they were victorious. As, then, their wickedness and arrogance had been such against God, the Prophet justly retorts upon them, “Behold now as to your false prophets; for when they lately promised to you prosperity of every kind, I was inhumanly treated, and my calling was disdainfully repudiated by you; let now your false prophets come forward: be wise at length through your evils, and acknowledge what it is to have acted so haughtily against God and against his servants.” We now understand why the Prophet says, “They have seen for you vanity and insipidity.” He adds, they have not opened, or revealed, &c. The preposition על , ol , is here redundant; the words are, “they have not revealed upon thine iniquity.” There is, indeed, a suitableness in the words in that language, that they had not applied their revelations to the iniquities of the people, for they would have been thus restored to the right way, and would have thus obviated the vengeance of God. Now, this passage ought to be carefully noticed: Jeremiah spoke of the fallacies of the false prophets, which he said were insipid: he now expresses how they had deceived the people, even because they disclosed not their iniquities . Let us then know that there is nothing more necessary than to be warned, that being conscious of our iniquities we may repent. And this was the chief benefit to be derived from the teaching of the prophets. For the other part, the foretelling of future things would have had but little effect had not the prophets preached respecting the vengeance of God, — had they not exhorted the people to repentance, — had they not bidden them by faith to embrace the mercy of God. Then Jeremiah in a manner detects the false doctrines of those who had corrupted the prophetic doctrine, by saying that they had not disclosed iniquities . Let us then learn by this mark how to distinguish between the faithful servants of God and impostors. For the Lord by his word summons us before his tribunal, and would have our iniquities discovered, that we may loathe ourselves, and thus open an entrance for mercy. But when what is brought before us only tickles our ears and feeds our curiosity, and, at the same time, buries all our iniquities, let us then know that the refined things which vastly please men are insipid and useless. Let, then, the doctrine of repentance be approved by us, the doctrine which leads us to God’s tribunal, so that being cast down in ourselves we may flee to his mercy. He afterwards adds, that they might turn back thy captivity ; some prefer, “thy defection” — and this meaning is not unsuitable; but the Prophet, I have no doubt, refers to punishment rather than to a crime. Then the captivity of the people would have been reversed had the people in time repented; for we obviate God’s wrath by repentance: “If we judge ourselves,” says Paul, “we shall not be judged.” ( 1 Corinthians 11:31 .) As, then, miserable men anticipate God’s judgment when they become judges of themselves, the Prophet does not without reason say that the false prophets had not disclosed their iniquities, s

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-14

Source

여기서 선지자는 백성에게 방탕함을 꾸짖는다. 그들이 어떤 의미에서 의도적으로 달콤한 독을 자발적으로 마심으로써 자신들을 파멸시켰다는 것이다. 우리가 보았던 거짓들로 그들이 취해져 있었다. 사기꾼들이 그들에게 번성한 상태를 약속했기 때문이다. 거짓 선지자들이 예레미야가 위협한 모든 것이 아무것도 아니라고 담대히 선언한 것을 보았다. 유대인들이 그 같은 아첨들에 취해 하나님의 심판을 무시하고 자신들의 악에 자유롭게 탐닉했으므로, 하나님의 진노가 그들에 의해 항상 계속해서 자극되었다. 따라서 예레미야는 그들에게 그 같은 방탕함을 꾸짖는다. 그들이 의도적으로 속기를 구했고 자신들을 위해 아첨꾼들을 교사로 구함으로써 탐욕스럽게 올무에 자신들을 던졌기 때문이다.

미가도 같은 것을 꾸짖는다. 그들이 풍성한 포도 수확과 풍년을 약속하는 선지자들을 구했다는 것이다(미가 2:10). 예레미야의 의미도 같다. 선지자들이 그들을 위해 예언하거나 보았다고 말한다. 그러나 그 동사는 선지자들이 선견자로 불리기 때문에 예언들에 관련된다. 따라서 그는 선지자들이 허무하고 싱거운 것을 보았다고 말한다.

이것은 백성의 잘못을 경감시키는 데 도움이 되지 않았다. 예레미야는 다른 이들의 잘못으로 백성이 망했다는 듯이 여기서 그들을 아첨하지 않는다. 그러나 이것은 흔한 변명이었다. 속임을 당했을 때 대부분은 교활한 사람들이 올무를 놓을 때 충분히 조심하지 못하고 인도받아 멸망했다고 불평했다. 그러나 선지자는 여기서 유대인들을 꾸짖는다. 거짓 선지자들에게 속은 것이 자신들의 허영과 야망에 대한 정당한 보상이었기 때문이다. 그들의 귀가 매우 섬세하여 자유로운 책망을 견딜 수 없었다. 요컨대 그들이 모든 건전한 가르침을 거부했을 때, 바울이 말하는 것처럼 하나님의 자리에 마귀가 반드시 들어선다. "진리를 받지 아니하고 거짓을 믿는 것을 기뻐하는 사람들에게 하나님이 미혹의 역사를 보내심은 그것이 정당한 벌이다"(데살로니가후서 2:11).

선지자의 의도가 이제 드러난다. 그는 유대인들이 거짓 선지자들에게 속았다고 말한다. 그러나 이것은 자신들의 잘못으로 일어났다. 그들이 하나님께 순종하기를 복종하지 않았고, 건전한 가르침을 거부했으며, 그분의 모든 권면에 반역했기 때문이다. 동시에 그들의 범죄뿐 아니라 그들의 수치도 이처럼 그들 앞에 가져온 것 같다. 하나님의 종들뿐 아니라 예레미야를 대적하여 이 사기꾼들을 감히 내세웠기 때문이다. 그들이 하나님을 거스러 자랑하려 할 때마다 이 거짓 선지자들을 자랑스럽게 여겼다.

원주석

15절 카드 ↗

The Prophet here reminds the Jews of the miseries by which they had been already in an extreme measure afflicted, so that these words seem redundant and somewhat unkind; for unseasonable is reproof when one lies down, as it were, worn out with evils. As this was the condition of the people, the Prophet ought not to have made more bitter their grief. But we have already referred to the reason for this, even because the Jews, though they mourned and were extremely sorrowful in their calamities, did not yet consider whence their evils came. It was therefore necessary that they should be more and more awakened; for it is but of little profit for any one to suffer evils, except he has regard to God’s judgment. We hence perceive the design of the Prophet, why he so much at large speaks of the miseries which were seen by all, and could not escape the notice of the Jews, who were almost overwhelmed with them; for it was not enough for them to feel their miseries, except they also considered the cause of them. He then says, All who have passed by clapped their hands and hissed and moved the head , either in token of mockery, or of abhorrence, which is more probable. He then says, that they moved or shook the head at the daughter of Jerusalem , (165) Is this the city of which they said, It is perfect in beauty, and the joy of the whole earth? I know not why some render כלילת , calibat , a crown; it comes, as it is well known, from כלל calal , which means fullness, or anything solid. He then says, that Jerusalem had been perfect in beauty , because God had adorned it with singular gifts; he had especially favored it with the incomparable honor of being called by his name. Hence Jerusalem was in a manner the earthly palace of God, that is, on account of the Temple; and further, it was there that the doctrine of salvation was to be found; and remarkable was this promise, “From Sion shall go forth the law, and rite word of God from Jerusalem.” ( Isaiah 2:3 .) God had also promised to Ezekiel, that this city would be the fountain and origin of salvation to the whole world. ( Ezekiel 47:1 .) As, then, Jerusalem had been adorned with so remarkable gifts, the Prophet introduces here strangers, who ask, “Could it be that a city so celebrated for beauty had become a desolation?” He calls it also the joy of the whole earth ; for God had poured there his gifts so liberally, that it was a cause of joy to all. For we delight in beautiful things; and wherever God’s gifts appear, we ought to have our hearts filled with joy. Some give a more refined explanation — that Jerusalem had been the joy of the whole earth, because men have no peace except God be propitious to them; and there God had deposited the testimony and pledge of his favor: and thus Jerusalem made glad the whole world, because it invited all nations to God. This, at the first view, is plausible; but it seems to me more refined than solid. I am, therefore, content with this simple view, that Jerusalem was the joy of the whole earth, because God had designed that his favor should appear there, which might justly excite the whole world to rejoice. (166) It afterwards follows, — (165) Jeremiah relates what had taken place, the verbs being in the past tense. Our version is not correct in rendering the verbs in the present tense. The old versions follow the Hebrew. — Ed . (166) The words may be rendered, “the joy of the whole land,” i.e. , the land of Israel; which was strictly true. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-16" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-15

Source

선지자는 여기서 유대인들에게 이미 극도로 고통받은 비참함들을 상기시킨다. 이 말들이 불필요하고 다소 가혹한 것처럼 보인다. 어떤 이가 악들로 지쳐 누워 있을 때 때 이른 꾸짖음이 있기 때문이다. 이것이 백성의 상태였으므로 선지자는 그들의 슬픔을 더 쓰게 했어서는 안 되었다. 그러나 우리는 이미 그 이유를 언급했다. 유대인들이 슬퍼하며 재앙들 가운데 극도로 슬픈 것들이 있었지만, 아직 그들의 악이 어디서 왔는지를 생각하지 않았기 때문이다. 따라서 그들이 더욱 더 깨어야 했다. 악을 당하는 것은 누군가 하나님의 심판에 주목하지 않는 한 별로 유익이 없기 때문이다.

"지나가는 모든 사람이 손뼉을 치고 쉿 하며 머리를 흔들었다." 조롱의 표시로, 혹은 혐오감의 표시로이다. 그는 그들이 예루살렘의 딸을 향해 머리를 흔들었다고 말한다. "이 성읍이 온 세상의 기쁨이요 온전한 아름다움이라 일컫던 자가 이것이냐?" '온전한 아름다움'이라는 말은 '충만' 또는 '단단한 것'을 의미하는 히브리어에서 나왔다. 선지자는 예루살렘이 온전한 아름다움이었다고 한다. 하나님이 특별한 은사들로 장식하셨기 때문이다. 특히 그분의 이름으로 불리는 비할 데 없는 명예로 그것을 특별히 은혜롭게 하셨다.

예루살렘은 어떤 의미에서 하나님의 지상 궁전이었다. 성전으로 인해서이다. 또한 구원의 가르침이 거기서 발견되었다. "율법이 시온에서 나올 것이요 여호와의 말씀이 예루살렘에서 나오리라"(이사야 2:3)는 놀라운 약속이 있었다. 하나님은 또한 에스겔에게 이 성읍이 온 세상에 구원의 샘과 근원이 될 것이라고 약속하셨다(에스겔 47:1). 예루살렘이 이처럼 주목할 만한 은사들로 장식되었으므로, 선지자는 여기서 외국인들을 소개하여 묻는다. "아름다움으로 그토록 유명한 성읍이 황폐하게 되었단 말인가?" 그는 또한 그것을 온 세상의 기쁨이라고 부른다. 하나님이 그곳에 자신의 은사들을 풍성하게 부어 주셔서 모든 이에게 기쁨의 원인이 되었기 때문이다.

원주석

16절 카드 ↗

Here, also, the Prophet introduces enemies as insolently exulting over the miseries of the people. He first says, that they had opened the mouth, even that they might loudly upbraid them; for he is not said to open the mouth who only speaks, but who insolently and freely utters his calumnies. God is, indeed, sometimes said emphatically to open his mouth, when he announces something that deserves special notice; and so Matthew says, that Christ opened his mouth when he spoke of true happiness. ( Matthew 5:2 .) But in this place and in others the enemy is said to open his mouth, who, with a full mouth, so to speak, taunts him whom he sees worn out with evils. Hence, he refers to petulance or insolence, when he says, that enemies had opened their mouth He then adds, that they had hissed . By hissing he no doubt means scoffing or taunting; for it immediately follows, that they had gnashed with their teeth , as though he had said, that enemies not only blamed and condemned them, but had also given tokens of extreme hatred; for he who gnashes with his teeth thus shews the bitterness of his mind, and even fury; for to gnash the teeth is what belongs to a wild beast. The Prophet then says, that enemies had not only harassed the people with taunts and scoffs, but had also cruelly and even furiously treated them. Now we know that to men of ingenuous minds, such a treatment is harder than death itself: for it is deemed by many a hard thing to fall in battle — and we see how men of war expose themselves to the greatest danger; but a disgraceful death is far more bitter. The Prophet, then, no doubt, amplifies the miseries of the people by this circumstance, that they had been harassed on every side by taunts. And he mentions this on purpose, because reproofs by the prophets had not been received by them; for we know how perversely the Jews had rebelled against the prophets, when they reproved them in God’s name. As, then, they would not have borne the paternal reproofs of God, they were thus constrained to bear the reproaches of enemies, and to receive the just reward of their pride and presumption. Nor is there a doubt, as I have said, but that the Prophet related reproaches of this kind, and the scoffs of enemies, that the people might at length know that they had been exposed to such evils, because they had proudly rejected the reproofs given them by the prophets. He says, that enemies spoke thus, We have devoured; surely this is the day which we have expected ; as though they triumphed when they saw that they got the victory, and that they could do with the people as they pleased. And as I have said, this in itself was a very bitter thing to the people; but. when the Prophet related, as in the person of the enemies, what was already sufficiently known to them, the people ought to have called to mind the reason why they had been so severely afflicted; and this is what the Prophet clearly sets forth in the next verse; for he, adds, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-16

Source

여기서도 선지자는 원수들이 백성의 비참함 위에 오만하게 자랑하는 것으로 소개한다. 먼저 그들이 입을 열었다고 말한다. 단지 말하는 자만이 입을 연다고 하지 않는다. 오만하게 자유롭게 비방을 쏟는 자이다. 하나님은 때때로 특별한 주목을 받을 만한 것을 선언하실 때 자신의 입을 열었다고 강조적으로 말씀하신다. 마태복음도 그리스도가 참된 복된 삶에 대해 말씀하실 때 그분이 입을 여셨다고 한다(마태복음 5:2). 그러나 이 자리와 다른 곳에서 원수는 악들로 지친 자를 가득 찬 입으로 조롱하는 자로서 입을 열었다고 한다.

그는 이어서 그들이 쉿 하고 이빨을 갈았다고 말한다. 분명히 그것은 비웃음과 조롱을 의미한다. "그들이 이빨을 갈았도다"가 즉시 뒤따른다. 원수들이 단지 백성을 비난하고 정죄한 것이 아니라 극한 증오의 표시도 보였다는 것이다. 이빨을 가는 자는 그 마음의 쓴맛과 심지어 광기를 나타낸다. 이빨을 가는 것은 야생 짐승에 속하는 것이기 때문이다. 선지자는 원수들이 단지 조롱과 비웃음으로 백성을 괴롭힌 것이 아니라 잔인하고 심지어 격분하여 그들을 대했다고 말한다.

정직한 마음을 가진 사람들에게 그 같은 대우는 죽음 자체보다 더 힘든 것임을 우리는 안다. 수치스러운 죽음이 훨씬 더 쓰기 때문이다. 선지자는 분명히 이 상황으로 백성의 비참함을 증폭시킨다. 그들이 사방에서 조롱으로 괴롭힘을 당했기 때문이다. 그는 이것을 의도적으로 언급하는데, 선지자들의 책망이 그들에게 받아들여지지 않았기 때문이다. 유대인들이 하나님의 이름으로 책망할 때 선지자들에게 얼마나 완고하게 반역했는지 우리는 안다. 그들이 하나님의 부성적 책망을 견디려 하지 않았으므로, 원수들의 비방을 견딜 수밖에 없었고 자신들의 교만과 오만에 정당한 보상을 받았다.

원수들이 이처럼 말했다고 한다. "우리가 삼켰도다. 진실로 이 날이 우리가 기다리던 날이로다." 마치 그들이 이긴 것을 보고 백성을 마음대로 다룰 수 있을 때 자랑하는 것처럼. 이 자체가 백성에게 매우 쓴 것이었다. 그러나 선지자가 원수들의 말을 그들에게 이미 충분히 알려진 것처럼 원수들의 인격으로 전했을 때, 백성은 자신들이 왜 그처럼 심각하게 고통받았는지의 이유를 떠올렸어야 했다.

원주석

17절 카드 ↗

Had the Prophet related only the boastings of enemies, the people would have probably become more hardened in their sorrow. But now, on the other hand, he assumes a different character. After having represented how insolently the enemies conducted themselves, he now says, Jehovah hath done what he had determined ; and thus from the taunts of enemies he calls the attention of the people to the judgment of God. For when enemies insult us, we: indeed feel hurt, but afterwards grief in a manner blunts our feelings. Our best remedy then is, not to have our thoughts fixed on the insolence of men, but to know what the Scripture often reminds us, that the wicked are the scourges of God by which he chastises us. This, then, is the subject which the Prophet now handles. He says that God had done , etc.; as though he had said, that however enemies might exceed moderation, yet if the people attended to God there was a just cause why they should humble themselves. He says, first, that Jehovah had done what he had determined: for the word to think is improperly applied to God, but yet it is often done, as we have before seen. He then says, that he had fulfilled the word which he had formerly commanded; for had the Prophet touched only on the secret counsel of God, the Jews might have been in doubt as to what it was. And certainly, as our minds cannot penetrate into that deep abyss, in vain would he have spoken of the hidden judgments of God. It was therefore necessary to come down to the doctrine, by which God, as far as it is expedient, manifests to us what would otherwise be not only hidden, but also incomprehensible; for were we to inquire into God’s judgments, we should sink into the deep. But when we direct our minds to what God has taught us, we find that he reveals to us whatever is necessary to be known; and though even by his word, we cannot perfectly know his hidden judgments. yet we may know them in part, and as I have said, as far as it is expedient for us. This, then, is the reason why the Prophet, after having spoken of God’s counsels and decrees, adds the word Let us then hold to this rule, even to seek from the Law and the Prophets, and the Gospel, whatever we desire to know respecting the secret judgments of God; for, were we to turn aside, even in the smallest degree, from what is taught us, the immensity of God’s glory would immediately swallow up all our thoughts; and experience sufficiently teaches us, that nothing is more dangerous and even fatal than to allow ourselves more liberty in this respect than what behooves us. Let us then learn to bridle all curiosity when we speak of God’s secret judgments, and instantly to direct our minds to the word itself, that they may be in a manner enclosed there. Moreover, the Prophet was also able, in this manner, more easily to check whatever the Jews might have been otherwise ready to object: for we know that they were always wont to murmur, and that as soon as the prophets spake, they brought forward many exceptions, by which they attempted to confute their doctrine. As, then, they were an unteachable people, Jeremiah did not only speak of God’s hidden judgments, of which some doubt might have been alleged; but, in order to cut off every occasion for disputes and contentions, he mentioned the word itself; and thus he held the Jews as it were convicted; for, as it is said by Moses, they could not have objected and said, “Who shall ascend into heaven? who shall descend into the deep? who shall pass over the sea?” ( Deuteronomy 30:12 ;) for in their mouth was God’s word, that is, God had sufficiently made known his judgments, so that they could not complain of obscurity. We now then perceive another reason why the Prophet joined the word to God’s judgments and decrees or counsel. But he says that this word had been published from ancient days ; and here he touches on the untameable obstinacy of the people; for had they been admonished a few days or a short time before, they might have expostulated with God; and there might have been some specious appearance that God had as it were made too great haste in his rigor. But as prophets had been sent, one after another, and as he had not ceased for many years, nay, for many ages, to exhort them to repentance, and to threaten them also that they might repent, hence their inveterate impiety more fully betrayed itself. This is the reason why the Prophet now mentions the ancient days , in which God had published his word. He at length adds, he hath subverted and not spared . He does not here charge God with too much rigor, but rather he reproves the Jews, so that from the grievousness of their punishment they might know how intolerable had been their iniquity. He would then have them to judge of their sins by their punishment, for God does not act unjustly towards men. It hence follows, that when we are severely afflicted by his hand, it is a proof that we have been very wicked. He then concludes that it was God who had exhilarated their enemies, and raised up their horn (168) By these words he confirms the doctrine, on which I have already touched, that we ought to turn our eyes to God, when men are insolent to us, and exult over our miseries; for such a reproach might otherwise wholly overwhelm us. But when we consider that we are chastised by God, and that the wicked, however petulantly they may treat us, are yet God’s scourges, then we resolve with calm and resigned minds to bear what would otherwise wear us out by its acerbity. It follows, — (168) Literally it is, — And he hath made to rejoice over thee the enemy, He hath exalted the horn of thine oppressors. — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-17

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선지자가 단지 원수들의 자랑만 전했다면, 백성은 아마도 슬픔 가운데 더욱 굳어졌을 것이다. 그러나 이제 반대로 다른 성격을 취한다. 원수들이 얼마나 오만하게 행동했는지를 나타낸 후, 이제 그는 말한다. "여호와께서 작정하신 것을 이루셨다." 이로써 원수들의 조롱에서 백성의 주의를 하나님의 심판으로 돌린다. 원수들이 우리를 모욕할 때, 우리는 실로 상처를 받는다. 그러나 이후에 슬픔이 어떤 의미에서 우리의 감정을 무디게 한다. 우리의 가장 좋은 치료책은 사람들의 오만함에 우리의 생각을 고정시키는 것이 아니라, 성경이 자주 상기시켜 주는 것처럼, 사악한 자들이 우리를 징계하는 하나님의 채찍이라는 것을 아는 것이다.

선지자가 이제 다루는 주제가 이것이다. 그는 하나님이 작정하신 것을 행하셨다고 말한다. 마치 백성이 하나님께 주목한다면 자신들을 겸비하게 해야 할 정당한 이유가 있다고 말하는 것처럼. 그는 먼저 여호와가 자신이 작정하신 것을 행하셨다고 말한다. 그는 이어서 그분이 오래 전부터 명하신 말씀을 이루셨다고 한다. 선지자가 단지 하나님의 숨은 뜻에만 언급했다면, 유대인들은 그것이 무엇인지 의심했을 것이다. 확실히 우리의 마음이 그 깊은 심연으로 꿰뚫어 들어갈 수 없으므로, 하나님의 숨은 심판들에 대해 말했다면 헛되었을 것이다.

따라서 가르침으로 내려오는 것이 필요했다. 하나님이 가르침으로 우리에게 필요한 만큼 자신이 무엇인지를 나타내시기 때문이다. 그분의 말씀으로도 우리는 그분의 숨은 심판들을 완전히 알 수 없지만, 부분적으로는 알 수 있다. 이것이 선지자가 하나님의 뜻과 작정에 대해 말한 후 말씀을 덧붙이는 이유이다. 율법과 선지자들과 복음에서 하나님의 숨은 심판들에 관해 알기를 원하는 것을 구하라는 이 규칙을 붙들자. 그분이 가르치시는 것에서 조금이라도 벗어나면, 하나님의 영광의 광대하심이 즉시 우리의 모든 생각을 삼킬 것이다.

또한 선지자는 이 방식으로 유대인들이 반박할 준비가 된 것들을 더 쉽게 막을 수 있었다. 우리는 그들이 항상 불평하는 것이 습관이었음을 안다. 따라서 예레미야는 하나님의 숨은 심판들에 대해서만 말하지 않고, 모든 논쟁과 다툼의 기회를 차단하기 위해 말씀 자체를 언급했다. 이로써 그는 마치 모세가 "누가 우리를 위하여 하늘에 올라갈 것이냐? 누가 우리를 위하여 바다를 건너갈 것이냐?"(신명기 30:12)고 말한 것처럼, 유대인들을 유죄로 판결받은 것처럼 붙들었다. 하나님의 말씀이 그들의 입에 있었기 때문이다. 곧 하나님이 자신의 심판들을 충분히 알려 주셨으므로 그들이 불분명하다고 불평할 수 없었다.

그러나 그는 이 말씀이 오래전부터 선포되었다고 말한다. 여기서 그는 백성의 길들여지지 않는 완고함을 언급한다. 불과 며칠 전 혹은 짧은 시간 전에 경고받았다면, 그들은 하나님께 항의했을 수 있다. 하나님이 엄격함에 너무 빠르셨다는 어떤 그럴듯한 모습이 있었을 것이다. 그러나 선지자들이 한 명씩 보내어지고 많은 년 동안, 아니 많은 세기 동안 그분이 그들에게 회개를 권고하고 위협하기를 멈추지 않으셨으므로, 그들의 뿌리 깊은 불경건이 더욱 완전히 드러났다. 이것이 선지자가 오래전에 하나님이 자신의 말씀을 선포하셨던 고대의 날들을 언급하는 이유이다.

마지막으로 덧붙인다. "그는 뒤엎으셨고 아끼지 아니하셨도다." 그는 여기서 하나님의 지나친 엄격함을 비난하지 않는다. 오히려 형벌의 가혹함으로 그들의 불의가 얼마나 참기 어려웠는지를 알도록 유대인들을 꾸짖는다. 그는 그들이 자신들의 죄를 형벌로 판단하기를 원한다. 하나님이 사람들에게 불의하게 행하지 않으시기 때문이다. 따라서 우리가 그분의 손에 심하게 고통받을 때, 그것은 우리가 매우 사악했다는 증거이다.

원주석

18절 카드 ↗

He means not that their heart really cried to God, for there was no cry in their heart; but by this expression he sets forth the vehemence of their grief, as though he had said, that the heart of the people was oppressed with so much sorrow, that their feelings burst forth into crying; for crying arises from extreme grief, and when any one cries or weeps, he has no control over himself. Silence is a token of patience; but when grief overcomes one, he, as though forgetting himself, necessarily bursts out into crying. This is the reason why he says that their heart cried to Jehovah But we must observe, that the piety of the people is not here commended, as though they complained of their evils to God in sincerity and with an honest heart: on the contrary, the Prophet means that it was a common cry, often uttered even by the reprobate; for nature in a manner teaches this, that we ought to flee to God when oppressed by evils; and even those who have no fear of God exclaim in their extreme miseries, “God be merciful to us.” And, as I have said, such a cry does not flow from a right feeling or from the true fear of God, but from the strong and turbid impulse of nature: and thus God has from the beginning rendered all mortals inexcusable. So, then, now the Prophet says, that the Jews cried to God, or that their heart cried ; not that they looked to God as they ought to have done, or that they deposited with him their sorrows and cast them into his bosom, as the Prophet encourages us to do; but because they found no remedy in the world — for as long as men find any comfort or help in the world, with that they are satisfied. Whence, then, was this crying to God? even because the world offered them nothing in which they could acquiesce; for it is indigenous, as it were, in our nature (that is, corrupt nature) to look around here and there, when any evil oppresses us. Now, when we find, as I have said, anything as a help, even an empty specter, to that we cleave, and never raise up our eyes to God. But when necessity forces us, then we begin to cry to God. Then the Prophet means that the people had been reduced to the greatest straits, when he says that their heart cried to God He afterwards turns to the wall of Jerusalem, and ascribes understanding to an inanimate thing. O wall of Jerusalem, he says, draw down tears as though thou wert a river ; or, as a river; for both meanings may be admitted. But by stating a part for the whole, he includes under the word wall , the whole city, as it is well known. And yet there is still a personification, for neither houses, nor walls, nor gates, nor streets, could shed tears; but Jeremiah could not, except by this hyperbolical language, sufficiently express the extent of their cry. This was the reason why he addressed the very wall of the city, and bade it to shed tears like a river (169) There seems to be some allusion to the ruins; for the walls of the city had been broken down as though they were melted. And then the Prophet seems to allude to the previous hardness of the people, for their hearts had been extremely stupified. As, then, they never had been flexible, whether addressed by doctrine, or exhortations, or threatenings, he now by implication brings forward in contrast with them the walls of the city, as though he had said, “Hitherto no one of God’s servants could draw even one tear from your eyes, so great was your hardness; but now the very walls weep, for they dissolve, as though they would send forth rivers of waters. Therefore the very stones turn to tears, because ye have hitherto been hardened against God and all prophetic instruction.” He afterwards adds, Spare not thyself, give not thyself rest day or night, and let not the daughter of thine eye , or the pupil of thine eye, cease , literally, be silent; but to be silent is metaphorically taken in the sense of ceasing or resting. He intimates that there would be, nay, that there was now, an occasion of continual lamentation; and hence he exhorted them to weep day and night; as though he had said, that sorrow would continue without intermission, as there would be no relaxation as to their evils. But we must bear in mind what we have before said, that the Prophet did not speak thus to embitter the sorrow of the people. We indeed know that the minds of men are very tender and delicate while under evils, and then that they rush headlong into impatience; but as they were not as yet led to true repentance, he sets before them the punishment which God had inflicted, that they might thereby be turned to consider their own sins. It follows, — (169) The meaning suggested by the Vulgate is the most appropriate. The words may be rendered thus, — Cried has their heart to the Lord, “O the wall of the daughter of Sion!” — Bring down like a torrent the tear, day and night; Give no rest to thyself. Let not cease the daughter of thine eye. Their exclamation was, “O the wall,” etc. Then follow the words of Jeremiah to the end of the chapter; but the daughter of Sion, not the wall, is exhorted to weep and repent. “The daughter of the eye,” may be the tear, as suggested by Blayney and approved by Horsley ; and it would be more suitable here. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

절 (explains)

bible-text/lam-2-18

Source

선지자는 그들의 마음이 실제로 하나님께 부르짖었다는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 그들의 마음에 아무런 부르짖음도 없었기 때문이다. 그러나 이 표현으로 그는 백성의 슬픔의 격렬함을 묘사한다. 그들의 감정이 부르짖음으로 터져 나올 정도로 너무나 많은 슬픔으로 눌렸다고 말하는 것처럼. 부르짖음은 극한 슬픔에서 일어난다. 어떤 이가 울부짖거나 울 때 자신을 다스리지 못한다. 침묵은 인내의 표시이다. 그러나 슬픔이 어떤 이를 이길 때, 자신을 잊은 것처럼 필연적으로 부르짖음으로 터져 나온다. 이것이 그가 마음이 여호와께 부르짖었다고 말하는 이유이다.

그러나 백성의 경건이 여기서 칭찬받는 것이 아님도 살펴야 한다. 마치 그들이 성실함과 정직한 마음으로 하나님께 자신들의 악들을 불평하는 것처럼. 반대로 선지자는 그것이 회개하지 않는 자들에게도 종종 나오는 공통된 부르짖음이었다는 것을 의미한다. 자연이 어떤 의미에서 악들에 눌릴 때 하나님께 피해야 함을 가르치기 때문이다. 하나님을 두려워하지 않는 자들도 극한 비참함에서 "하나님 우리에게 자비를 베푸소서"라고 외친다.

내가 말한 것처럼 그 같은 부르짖음은 옳은 감정이나 하나님의 참된 두려움에서 흘러나오는 것이 아니라 자연의 강하고 혼탁한 충동에서 나온다. 따라서 하나님은 처음부터 모든 인간을 변명할 수 없게 하셨다. 선지자는 유대인들이 하나님께 부르짖었다고, 혹은 그들의 마음이 부르짖었다고 말한다. 그들이 해야 하는 것처럼 하나님을 바라보아서가 아니라, 그들의 슬픔을 그분의 품에 맡기고 쏟아 부었기 때문이 아니라, 세상이 그들에게 아무런 치료책도 제공하지 않았기 때문이다. 사람들이 세상에서 어떤 위로나 도움을 찾는 동안, 그것으로 만족한다. 하나님께 이 부르짖음이 어디서 왔는가? 세상이 그들에게 머물 수 있는 것을 아무것도 제공하지 않았기 때문이다.

선지자는 이어서 예루살렘의 성벽으로 돌아서서 무생물에게 이해를 돌린다. "오 예루살렘의 성벽이여, 눈물을 강처럼 쏟으라." 부분을 전체로 표현하여 그는 '성벽'이라는 말 아래 성읍 전체를 포함시킨다. 그러나 여전히 의인화가 있다. 집도, 성벽도, 성문도, 거리도 눈물을 흘릴 수 없기 때문이다. 그러나 예레미야는 이 과장된 언어 외에는 부르짖음의 범위를 충분히 표현할 수 없었다. 이것이 그가 성읍의 성벽에 말을 걸며 강처럼 눈물을 흘리라고 명한 이유이다.

폐허에 대한 어떤 암시가 있는 것 같다. 성읍의 성벽들이 녹아 내린 것처럼 무너졌기 때문이다. 선지자는 또한 백성의 이전 완고함을 암시하는 것 같다. 그들의 마음이 극도로 굳어져 있었기 때문이다. 가르침으로도 권고로도 위협으로도 유연하게 된 적이 없었으므로, 선지자는 이제 성읍의 성벽들을 그들과 묵시적으로 대비시킨다. "지금까지 하나님의 종들 중 아무도 너희의 눈에서 눈물 한 방울도 끌어낼 수 없었다. 너무 굳었기 때문이다. 그런데 이제 성벽들 자체가 울고 있다. 물의 강들을 흘려보내듯이 녹기 때문이다. 따라서 돌들도 눈물로 변하는데, 너희는 지금까지 하나님과 모든 예언적 가르침에 굳어져 있었기 때문이다." 이어서 "스스로를 아끼지 말고 주야로 쉬지 말며 네 눈동자가 쉬지 말게 하라"고 덧붙인다.

선지자는 지속적인 슬픔의 기회가 있을 것이며 이미 있다고 시사한다. 따라서 그들에게 주야로 울라고 권고한다. 악들에 관해 아무런 휴식이 없을 것이므로 슬픔이 쉬는 것 없이 계속될 것이라는 것이다. 그러나 이전에 말한 것을 기억해야 한다. 선지자가 이처럼 말한 것은 백성의 슬픔을 더 쓰게 하려 한 것이 아니라는 것이다.

원주석

19절 카드 ↗

The Prophet now explains himself more clearly, and confirms what I have lately said, that he mentioned not the calamities of the people except for this end, that those who were almost stupid might begin to raise up their eyes to God, and also to examine their life, and willingly to condemn themselves, that thus they might escape from the wrath of God. The Prophet then bids them to rise and to cry . Doubtless they had been by force constrained by their enemies to undertake a long journey: why then does he bid them to rise, who had become fugitives from their own country, and had been driven away like sheep? He regards, as I have said, the slothfulness of their minds, because they were still lying torpid in their sins. It was then necessary to rouse them from this insensibility; and this is what the Prophet had in view by saying, Rise (170) And then he bids them to cry at the beginning of the watches , even when sleep begins to creep on, and the time is quieter; for when men go to bed, then sleep comes on, and that is the main rest. But the Prophet bids here the Jews to cry, and in their uneasiness to utter their complaints at the very time when others take their rest. et he did not wish them heedlessly to pour forth into the air their wailings, but bade them to present their prayers to God. Then as to the circumstances of that time, he repeats what we have already seen, that so great was their mass of evils, that it allowed the people no relaxation; in short, he intimates that it was a continual sorrow. But, as I have said, he would have the Jews not simply to cry, but after having exhorted them to pour out their hearts like waters , he adds, before the face of Jehovah . For the unbelieving make themselves almost hoarse by crying, but they are only like brute beasts; or if they call on God’s name, they do this, as it has been said, through a rash and indiscriminate impulse. Hence the Prophet here makes a difference between the elect of God and the reprobate, when he bids them to pour forth their hearts and their cries before God, so as to seek alleviation from him, which could not have been done, were they not convinced that he was the author of all their calamities; and hence, also, arises repentance, for there is a mutual relation between God’s judgment and men’s sins. Whosoever, then, acknowledges God as a judge, is at the same time compelled to examine himself and to inquire as to his own sins. We now understand the meaning of the Prophet’s words. For the same purpose he adds, Raise up to him thy hands . This practice of itself is, indeed, not sufficient; but the Scripture often points out the real thing by external signs. Then the elevation of the hands, in this place and others, means the same thing as prayer; and it has been usual in all ages to raise up the hands to heaven, and the expression often occurs in the Psalms, ( Psalms 28:2 ; Psalms 134:2 ;) and when Paul bids prayers to be made everywhere, he says, “I would have men to raise up pure hands without contention.” ( 1 Timothy 2:8 .) God has no doubt suggested this practice to men, that they may first go beyond the whole world when they seek him; and, secondly, that they may thus stimulate themselves to entertain confidence, and also to divest themselves of all earthly desires; for except this practice were to raise up our minds, (as we are by nature inclined to superstition,) every one would seek God either at his feet or by his side. Then God has planted in men this feeling, even to raise upwards their hands, in order that they may go, as I have said, beyond the whole world, and that having thus divested themselves of all vain superstition, they may ascend above the heavens. This custom, I allow, is indeed common among the unbelieving; and thus all excuse has been taken away from them. Though, then, the unbelieving have been imbued with gross and delirious fantasies, so as to connect God with statues and pictures, yet this habit of raising up the hands to heaven ought to have been sufficient to confute all their erroneous notions. But it would not be enough to seek God beyond this world, so that no superstition should possess our minds, except our minds were also freed from all worldly desires. For we are held entangled in our lusts, and then we seek what pleases the flesh, and thus, for the most part, men strive, to subject God to themselves. Then the elevation of the hands does also shew that we are to deny ourselves, and to go forth, as it were, out of ourselves whenever we call on God. These are briefly the things which may be said of the use of this ceremony or practice. But we must remember what I have referred to, that the Prophet designates the thing itself by an outward sign, when he bids them to raise up the hands to God. He afterwards shews the necessity of this, because of the soul of thy little ones, who faint in famine ; (171) but the ב , beth , is redundant here, — who , then, through famine faint or fail, and that openly. For it might have happened that those who had no food pined away at home, and thus fainted because no one gave them aid, because their want was not known. But when infants in public places breathed out their souls through famine, hence was evident that extreme state of despair, which the Prophet intended here to set forth by mentioning at the head of all the streets . It follows, — (170) The simpler meaning, as stated by Gataker , is, “Rise” from thy bed; for she is exhorted to cry in the night. — Ed . (171) Rather, “who fainted through famine;” for he refers to what had taken place. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"

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선지자는 이제 자신을 더 명확하게 설명하며 내가 최근에 말한 것을 확증한다. 그는 거의 둔한 자들이 하나님께 눈을 들기 시작하고 또한 자신들의 삶을 살피며 기꺼이 자신들을 정죄하여 하나님의 진노에서 피할 수 있게 되도록 하기 위해서만 백성의 재앙들을 언급했다는 것이다.

선지자는 그들에게 일어나 부르짖으라고 명한다. 그들이 원수들에 의해 억지로 긴 여행을 떠나도록 강요받았는데 왜 이미 자기 나라에서 도망쳐 양처럼 쫓겨난 자들에게 일어나라고 명하는가? 그가 고려하는 것은 그들 마음의 게으름이다. 그들이 아직도 자신들의 죄 가운데 무감각하게 누워 있었기 때문이다. 따라서 이 무감각에서 그들을 일으키는 것이 필요했다. 선지자가 "일어나라"고 말할 때 이것이 그의 목표였다.

이어서 그는 파수꾼의 때 초두에 부르짖으라고 명한다. 잠이 스며들기 시작하고 더욱 고요한 때이다. 사람들이 잠자리에 들 때 잠이 오고 그것이 주된 휴식이다. 그러나 선지자는 여기서 유대인들에게 부르짖으라고 명한다. 다른 이들이 쉬는 바로 그 시간에 그들의 불안 가운데 불평을 토로하라고 한다. 그러나 그는 그들이 맹목적으로 공중에 그들의 울부짖음을 쏟기를 원하지 않고 하나님께 기도를 드리기를 원했다. 따라서 그 시간의 상황과 관련하여 이전에 본 것을 반복한다. 그처럼 많은 악들의 덩어리가 백성에게 아무런 휴식도 허용하지 않는다는 것이다. 요컨대 그것이 지속적인 슬픔이라는 것이다.

그러나 내가 말한 것처럼, 그는 유대인들이 단순히 부르짖기를 원하지 않는다. 그들에게 마음을 물처럼 쏟아 부으라고 권고한 후, 그는 덧붙인다. "여호와의 얼굴 앞에서." 불신자들은 부르짖다가 거의 쉬어 버린다. 그러나 그들은 짐승과 같다. 혹은 그들이 하나님의 이름을 부른다 해도 앞서 말한 것처럼 경솔하고 무차별적인 충동에 의해 그렇게 한다. 따라서 선지자는 여기서 하나님의 선택받은 자들과 회개하지 않는 자들 사이에 차이를 만든다. 그는 그들에게 하나님 앞에 자신들의 마음과 부르짖음을 쏟아 부어 그분에게서 완화를 구하라고 명한다. 이것은 하나님이 모든 재앙의 작자이심을 확신하지 않는다면 할 수 없는 것이다. 따라서 하나님의 심판과 사람의 죄들 사이에는 상호 관계가 있으므로 회개도 여기서 나온다.

같은 목적으로 그는 덧붙인다. "손을 그분께 들어올리라." 이 관습 자체는 물론 충분하지 않다. 그러나 성경은 외적 표시로 실제 사실을 자주 가리킨다. 따라서 손을 드는 것이 이 자리와 다른 곳에서 기도와 같은 것을 의미한다. 시편에서도 자주 손을 하늘로 드는 표현이 나온다(시편 28:2; 134:2). 바울이 어디서나 기도하라고 명할 때도 "남자들이 분노와 다툼이 없이 거룩한 손을 들어 기도하기를 원하노라"(디모데전서 2:8)고 말한다.

선지자는 이어서 이것의 필요성을 보여 준다. 기근으로 거리 어귀마다 기절하는 어린 자녀들의 생명 때문이라고 한다. 어린 아이들이 집에서 음식이 없어 기절했다면 아무도 도움을 주지 않아 그들의 궁핍을 알 수 없었을 것이다. 그러나 어린 아이들이 공공장소에서 기근으로 목숨을 내쉬었을 때, 선지자가 거리 어귀마다를 맨 앞에 언급함으로써 묘사하고자 한 절망적인 상태가 분명해졌다.

원주석

20절 카드 ↗

Here, also, Jeremiah dictates words, or a form of prayer to the Jews. And this complaint availed to excite pity, that God had thus afflicted, not strangers, but the people whom he had adopted. Interpreters do, indeed, give another explanation, “See, Jehovah, To whom hast thou done this?” that is, Has any people been ever so severely afflicted? But I do not think that the comparison is made here, which they seek to make, but that the people only set before God the covenant which he had made with their fathers, as though they said, “O Lord, hadst thou thus cruelly raged against strangers, there would have been nothing so wonderful; but since we are thine heritage, and the blessed seed of Abraham, since thou hast been pleased to choose us as thy peculiar people, what can this mean, that, thou treatest us with so much severity?” We now, then, perceive the real meaning of the Prophet, when, in the person of the people, he speaks thus, See, and look on, Jehovah, to whom thou hast done this ; for thou hast had to do with thy children: not that the Jews could allege any worthiness; but the gratuitous election of God must have been abundantly sufficient to draw forth mercy. Nor do the faithful here simply ask God to see, but they add another word, Look on . By the two words they more fully express the indignity of what had happened, as though they said, that it was like a prodigy that God’s people should be so severely afflicted, who had been chosen by him: see , then, to whom thou hast done this And this mode of praying was very common, as we find it said in the Psalms, “Pour forth thy wrath on the nations which know not thee, and on the kingdoms which call not on thy name.” ( Psalms 79:6 .) And a similar passage we have before observed in our Prophet. ( Jeremiah 10:25 .) The sum of what is said is, that there was a just reason why God should turn to mercy, and be thus reconciled to his people, because he had not to do with aliens, but with his own family, whom he had been pleased to adopt. But the rest I shall defer until tomorrow. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"

Pericope (part_of)

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여기서도 예레미야는 유대인들에게 말을 혹은 기도의 형태를 제시한다. 이 불평은 하나님이 이방인들이 아니라 그분이 받아들이신 백성을 이처럼 고통스럽게 하셨다는 것에 대해 동정을 일으키는 데 도움이 된다.

해석자들은 실로 다른 설명을 한다. "여호와여, 보시옵소서. 당신이 이것을 행하신 자가 누구입니까?" 곧 어떤 백성이 이처럼 심각하게 고통받은 적이 있었는가? 하는 것이다. 그러나 나는 여기서 비교가 이루어진다고 생각하지 않는다. 백성이 오직 하나님께 조상들과 맺으신 언약을 제시했다고 이해한다. 마치 "오 주님, 당신이 이방인들에게 이처럼 잔인하게 분노하셨다면 그다지 놀랍지 않았을 것입니다. 그러나 우리가 당신의 기업이요 아브라함의 복 받은 씨이며 당신이 기뻐하사 당신의 특별한 백성으로 선택하셨으니, 이것이 무슨 의미입니까? 당신이 우리를 이처럼 가혹하게 대하신다는 것이요"라고 말하는 것처럼. 선지자의 참된 의미를 이제 이해한다. 백성의 인격으로 이처럼 말한다. "여호와여, 보시고 살피소서. 당신이 이것을 행하신 자가 누구입니까?" 당신은 자녀들과 상관하셨습니다. 유대인들이 어떤 공로도 내세울 수 있어서가 아니라, 하나님의 무상의 선택이 자비를 끌어내기에 충분해야 했기 때문이다.

원주석

21절 카드 ↗

Here he relates in the person of the Church another calamity, that the young and the aged were lying prostrate in the streets; and he joins children to the old men, to shew that there was no difference as to age. Then he says that dead bodies were lying promiscuously in public places. He adds, that virgins and young men had fallen by the sword ; by which he confirms the previous clause, for there is nothing new said here, but only the manner is shewn by which they had been slain; for slain by the sword had been the young men and young women without any distinction; the enemies at the same time had not spared the old, while they killed the very flower of the people. But the Prophet at the same time shews that all this was to be ascribed to God, not. that the Jews might expostulate with him, but that they might cease vainly to lament their calamities, and in order that they might on the contrary turn to God. Hence he does not say that the young and the old had been slain by the enemies, but by God himself. But it was difficult to convince the Jews of this, for they were so filled with rage against their enemies, that they could not turn their thoughts to the consideration of God’s judgments. This, then, is the reason why the Prophet makes God the author of all their calamities; Thou , he says, hast slain in the day of thy wrath; thou hast killed and not spared . And though the people seem here in a manner to contend with God, we must yet bear in mind the design of the Prophet, even to teach the people to look to God himself, so that they might know that they had to do with him. For there ought to be a passing from one truth to another, so that men, conscious of their sins, should first give glory to God, and then humbly deprecate the wrath which they have deserved. It follows at length, — return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-22" class="com-number"

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bible-text/lam-2-21

Source

선지자는 여기서 교회의 인격으로 또 다른 재앙을 전한다. 젊은이들과 노인들이 거리에 쓰러져 있었다는 것이다. 그는 나이에 관계가 없음을 보여 주기 위해 어린 아이들과 노인들을 함께 묶는다. 그는 시체들이 공공장소에서 무차별적으로 쓰러져 있었다고 말한다. 그는 처녀들과 청년들이 칼에 쓰러졌다고 덧붙인다. 이로써 그는 이전 절을 확증한다. 새로운 것은 없고 단지 살해된 방법만이 보인다. 아무 구별 없이 칼에 살해된 것이 청년들과 젊은 여성들이었다. 원수들은 그 사이에 노인들을 아끼지 않았으며, 백성의 꽃을 죽이면서도 그러했다.

그러나 선지자는 동시에 이 모든 것이 하나님께 돌려져야 한다고 보여 준다. 유대인들이 하나님과 논쟁하도록 하기 위해서가 아니라, 헛되이 자신들의 재앙을 슬퍼하기를 멈추고 오히려 하나님께 돌이키기 위해서이다. 따라서 그는 젊은이들과 노인들이 원수들에게 살해되었다고 말하지 않고 하나님 자신에게라고 말한다. "당신이 당신의 진노의 날에 죽이셨습니다. 당신이 죽이셨고 아끼지 않으셨습니다." 비록 백성이 어떤 의미에서 여기서 하나님과 논쟁하는 것처럼 보이지만, 선지자의 의도, 곧 백성에게 하나님 자신을 바라보도록 가르쳐 그들이 하나님과 상관하고 있음을 알게 하려는 것을 기억해야 한다.

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Here he uses a most appropriate metaphor, to show that the people had been brought to the narrowest straits; for he says that terrors had on every side surrounded them, as when a solemn assembly is called. They sounded the trumpets when a festival was at hand, that all might come up to the Temple. As, then, many companies were wont to come to Jerusalem on feast-days — for when the trumpets were sounded all were called — so the Prophet says that terrors had been sent by God from every part to straiten the miserable people: thou hast, then, called my terrors all around, — how? as to a feast-day, the day of the assembly; for מועד , muod , means the assembly as well as the place and the appointed time. (173) But we must ever bear in mind what I have already referred to, that though enemies terrified the Jews, yet this was to be ascribed to God, so that every one might acknowledge for himself, that the Chaldeans had not come by chance, but through the secret impulse of God. He afterwards adds, in the day of Jehovah’s wrath (he changes the person) there was none alive , or remaining; nay, he says the enemy has consumed those whom I had nursed and brought up . Here he transfers to enemies what he had before said was done by God, but in this sense, that he understood God as the chief author, and the Chaldeans as the ministers; of his vengeance. Now follows, — (173) The verb for calling or summoning is in the future tense, and must, be so, to preserve the alphabetical character of the elegy, but it is rendered as in the past tense by all the versions, but the reason why does not appear. The future in Hebrew is often to be rendered as a subjunctive, potential, or optative: so here, — Shouldest thou summon, as on a festival day, My terrors all around! — And there was not, in the day of Jehovah’s wrath, A fugitive or a survivor; Whom I dandled and brought up, My enemy has consumed them. The first two lines are a kind of expostulation: “My terrors” mean my terrifiers, according to the Vulg. , the abstract for the concrete. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' Lamentations Lam 1 Lamentations Lam Lamentations Lam 3 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on Lamentations 2". 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bible-text/lam-2-22

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선지자는 여기서 매우 적절한 비유를 사용하여 백성이 가장 좁은 궁지로 몰렸음을 보여 준다. 마치 엄숙한 회집이 소집될 때처럼 두려움들이 사방에서 그들을 에워쌌다고 말한다. 절기가 가까울 때 나팔을 불었다. 모두가 성전에 올라오도록 하기 위해서였다. 따라서 절기에 많은 무리들이 예루살렘으로 오는 것이 보통이었다. 나팔이 불릴 때 모두가 부름을 받았기 때문이다. 마찬가지로 선지자는 두려움들이 하나님에 의해 모든 부분에서 보내어져 비참한 백성을 에워쌌다고 말한다.

"당신은 나의 두려움들을 사방에서 불러 모으셨습니다. 절기의 날처럼, 회집의 날처럼." 그러나 내가 이미 언급한 것을 항상 기억해야 한다. 원수들이 유대인들을 두렵게 했지만, 이것은 하나님께 돌려져야 했다는 것이다. 그리하여 모든 이가 자신을 위해 인정해야 했다. 갈대아인들이 우연히 온 것이 아니라 하나님의 은밀한 충동에 의해 왔다는 것이다.

이어서 그는 덧붙인다. 여호와의 진노의 날에 피난한 자도 남은 자도 없었다고. 오히려 원수가 내가 양육하고 키운 자들을 소멸시켰다고 한다. 여기서 그는 이전에 하나님에 의해 행해진 것으로 말한 것을 원수들에게로 돌린다. 그러나 하나님을 주된 작자로, 갈대아인들을 그분의 진노의 사역자들로 이해하는 의미에서이다.

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