1절 카드 ↗
1. Now concerning spiritual things. He goes on to correct another fault. As the Corinthians abused the gifts of God for ostentation and show, and love was little, if at all, regarded, he shows them for what purpose believers are adorned by God with spiritual gifts — for the edification of their brethren. This proposition, however, he divides into two parts; for, in the first place, he teaches, that God is the author of those gifts, and, secondly, having established this, he reasons as to their design. He proves from their own experience, that those things in which they gloried, are bestowed upon men through the exercise of God’s favor; for he reminds them how ignorant they were, and stupid, and destitute of all spiritual light, previously to God’s calling them. Hence it appears, that they had been furnished with them — not by nature, but through God’s unmerited benignity. As to the words; when he says — I would not that ye should be ignorant, we must supply the expression — as to what is right, or as to what is your duty, or some similar expression; and by spiritual things he means spiritual gifts, as to which we shall have occasion to see afterwards. In what follows there is a twofold reading; for some manuscripts have simply ὅτι others add ὅτε . The former means because — assigning a reason: the latter means when; and this latter reading suits much better. But besides this diversity, the construction is in other respects confused; but still, the meaning is evident. Literally, it is this — Ye know, that when ye were Gentiles, after dumb idols, according as ye were led, following I have, however, faithfully given Paul’s meaning. By dumb idols he means — having neither feeling nor motion. Let us learn from this passage how great is the blindness of the human mind: when it is without the illumination of the Holy Spirit, inasmuch as it stands in amazement at dumb idols, (726) and cannot rise higher in searching after God; nay more, it is led by Satan as if it were a brute. (727) He makes use of the term Gentiles here, in the same sense as in Ephesians 2:12 . Ye were at one time Gentiles, says he, without God, strangers to the hope of salvation, etc. Perhaps, too, he reasons by way of contrast. What if (728) they should now show themselves to be less submissive to God, after his having taken them under his care, to be governed by his word and Spirit, than they formerly discovered themselves to be forward and compliant, in following the suggestions of Satan! (726) “ I1 demeure la abbruti apres les idoles ;” — “It remains there, in a brutish attachment to idols.” (727) This idea is brought out more fully by Bloomfield , who observes that ἀπάγεσθαι (to be carried away) is ”a strong, term, denoting being hurried away by a force which cannot be resisted; and here refers to the blind infatuation by which the heathens were led away into idolatry and vice, like brute beasts that have no understanding. This,” he adds, “is especially alluded to in ὡς ἄν ἤγεσθε — as ye might be led , viz. by custom, example, or inclination, just as it might happen.” — Ed (728) “ Que ce sera une vilenie a eux s’ils ,” etc.; — “It will be a disgrace to them if they,” etc. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-3" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
1. **신령한 것들에 관하여** — 또 다른 잘못을 바로잡는 것으로 넘어간다. 고린도 사람들이 하나님의 은사들을 과시와 허세를 위해 남용하고 사랑은 거의, 혹은 전혀 고려하지 않았으므로, 그는 하나님이 신령한 은사들로 믿는 자들을 치장하시는 목적이 무엇인지 보여준다. 즉 형제들의 덕을 세우기 위해서다. 그러나 이 명제를 두 부분으로 나눈다. 먼저 하나님이 그 은사들의 저자이심을 가르치고, 둘째로 이것을 확립한 후 그 목적에 대해 논한다. 고린도 사람들이 자랑하는 것들이 하나님의 호의의 행사를 통해 사람들에게 주어진다는 것을 그들 자신의 경험에서 증명한다. 즉 하나님이 그들을 부르시기 전에 그들이 얼마나 무지하고 우둔하며 모든 신령한 빛에서 결핍되어 있었는지 상기시킴으로써. 따라서 그것들이 본성이 아니라 하나님의 값없는 자비로 그들에게 주어졌음이 드러난다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-1-1(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
3절 카드 ↗
3. Wherefore I give you to know. Having admonished them from their own experience, he sets before them a general doctrine, which he deduces from it; for what the Corinthians had experienced in themselves is common to all mankind — to wander on in error, (729) previously to their being brought back, through the kindness of God, into the way of truth. Hence it is necessary that we should be directed by the Spirit of God, or we shall wander on for ever. From this, too, it follows, that all things that pertain to the true knowledge of God, are the gifts of the Holy Spirit,. He at the same time derives an argument from opposite causes to opposite effects. No one, speaking by the Spirit of God, can revile Christ; so, on the other hand, no one can speak well of Christ, but by the Spirit of Christ. To say that Jesus is accursed is utter blasphemy against him. To say that Jesus is the Lord, is to speak of him in honorable terms and with reverence, and to extol his majesty. Here it is asked — “As the wicked sometimes speak of Christ in honorable and magnificent terms, is this an indication that they have the Spirit of God?” I answer — “They undoubtedly have, so far as that effect is concerned; but the gift of regeneration is one thing, and the gift of bare intelligence, with which Judas himself was endowed, when he preached the gospel, is quite another.” Hence, too, we perceive how great our weakness is, as we cannot so much as move our tongue for the celebration of God’s praise, unless it be governed by his Spirit. Of this the Scripture, also, frequently reminds us, and the saints everywhere acknowledge that unless the Lord open their mouths, they are not fit to be the heralds of his praise. Among others, Isaiah says — I am a man of unclean lips, etc. ( Isaiah 6:5 .) (729) “ D’estre errans et abusez en diuerses sortes ;” — “To be wandering and deluded in various ways.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-4" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
3. **그러므로 내가 너희에게 알리노니** — 자신들의 경험에서 권면한 후, 거기서 이끌어내는 일반적 교리를 그들 앞에 제시한다. 고린도 사람들이 자신들에게 경험한 것이 온 인류에게 공통된 것이기 때문이다. 즉 하나님의 자비로 진리의 길로 인도받기 전에는 오류 중에 방황한다는 것이다. 따라서 우리가 하나님의 성령에 의해 인도받지 않으면 영원히 방황하게 된다. 이로부터 또한 참된 하나님 지식에 속하는 모든 것이 성령의 은사임이 따라나온다. 동시에 그는 반대 원인에서 반대 결과를 도출하는 논증을 사용한다. 하나님의 영으로 말하는 사람은 그리스도를 욕되게 할 수 없다. 반대로 그리스도를 칭찬하며 말할 수 있는 사람도 오직 그리스도의 영에 의해서만 그럴 수 있다. 예수를 저주받은 자라고 하는 것은 그분에 대한 완전한 신성모독이다. 예수는 주님이시라고 하는 것은 존경과 경외로 그분에 대해 말하고 그분의 위엄을 높이는 것이다.
여기서 질문이 제기된다. "악한 자들도 때때로 그리스도에 대해 존경스럽고 웅장한 말을 하는데, 이것이 그들이 하나님의 영을 가지고 있다는 표시인가?" 답은 이것이다. "그 효과에 관한 한 그들이 분명히 그것을 가지고 있다. 그러나 중생의 은사는 한 가지이고, 유다도 복음을 전할 때 받았던 단순한 지성의 은사는 전혀 다른 것이다." 따라서 우리의 약함이 얼마나 큰지도 알 수 있다. 하나님의 찬양을 위해 혀를 움직이는 것조차 그분의 영이 다스리지 않으면 할 수 없기 때문이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-3-3(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
4절 카드 ↗
4. Now there are diversities of gifts The symmetry of the Church (730) consists, so to speak, of a manifold unity, (731) that is, when the variety of gifts is directed to the same object, as in music there are different sounds, but suited to each other with such an adaptation, as to produce concord. Hence it is befitting that there should be a distinction of gifts as well as of offices, and yet all harmonize in one. Paul, accordingly, in Romans 12:6 , commends this variety, that no one may, by rashly intruding himself into another’s place, confound the distinction which the Lord has established. Hence he orders every one to be contented with his own gifts, and cultivate the particular department that has been assigned to him. (732) He prohibits them from going beyond their own limits by a foolish ambition. In fine, he exhorts that every one should consider how much has been given him, what measure has been allotted to him, and to what he has been called. Here, on the other hand, he orders every one to bring what he has to the common heap, and not keep back the gifts of God in the way of enjoying every one his own, apart from the others, (733) but aim unitedly at the edification of all in common. In both passages, he brings forward the similitude of the human body, but, as may be observed, on different accounts. The sum of what he states amounts to this — that gifts are not distributed thus variously among believers, in order that they may be used apart, but that in the division there is a unity, inasmuch as one Spirit is the source of all those gifts, one God is the Lord of all administrations, and the author of all exercises of power. Now God, who is the beginning, ought also to be the end. One Spirit This passage ought to be carefully observed in opposition to fanatics, (734) who think that the name Spirit means nothing essential, but merely the gifts or actions of divine power. Here, however, Paul plainly testifies, that there is one essential power of God, whence all his works proceed. The term Spirit, it is true, is sometimes transferred by metonymy to the gifts themselves. Hence we read of the Spirit of knowledge — of judgment — of fortitude — of modesty. (735) Paul, however, here plainly testifies that judgment, and knowledge, and gentleness, and all other gifts, proceed from one source. For it is the office of the Holy Spirit to put forth and exercise the power of God by conferring these gifts upon men, and distributing them among them. One Lord. The ancients made use of this testimony in opposition to the Arians, for the purpose of maintaining a Trinity of persons. For there is mention made here of the Spirit, secondly of the Lord, and lastly of God , and to these Three, one and the same operation is ascribed. Thus, by the name Lord, they understood Christ. But for my part, though I have no objection to its being understood in this way, I perceive, at the same time, that it is a weak argument for stopping the mouths of Arians; for there is a correspondence between the word administrations and the word Lord. The administrations, says Paul, are different, but there is only one God whom we must serve, whatever administration we discharge. This antithesis, then, shows what is the simple meaning, so that to confine it to Christ is rather forced. (730) “ La proportion et ordre bien compasse qui est en l’Eglise ;” — “The proportion and well regulated order that is in the Church.” (731) “ Consiste en vne vnite faite de plusieurs parties assemblees ;” — “Consists of a unity made up of many parts put together.” (732) “ I1 vent donc qu’un chacun se contentant du don qu’il a receu, s’employe a le faire valoir, et s’acquitter de son deuoir ;” — “He would, therefore, have every one, contenting himself with the gift that he has received, to employ himself in improving it, and carefully discharge his duty.” (733) “ Pour en iouyr a part, sans en communiquer a ses freres ;” — “So as to enjoy them apart, without imparting of them to his brethren.” (734) “ Vn tas d’esprits enragez ;” — “A troop of furious spirits.” (735) “ De discretion ;” — “Of discretion.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-6" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
4. **은사는 여러 가지나** — 교회의 대칭성은, 말하자면, 다양한 통일성으로 이루어진다. 즉 음악에서 서로 다른 소리들이 서로 적절히 맞추어져 화음을 이루듯, 은사들의 다양성이 같은 목표를 향해 나아갈 때 그러하다. 따라서 은사뿐 아니라 직분의 구분이 있어야 하면서도 모두 하나로 조화를 이루어야 마땅하다. 따라서 바울은 로마서 12:6에서도 이 다양성을 권장한다. 아무도 경솔하게 다른 사람의 자리에 침입하여 주님이 세우신 구분을 혼란스럽게 하지 않도록. 따라서 모든 사람에게 자신의 은사에 만족하고 자신에게 할당된 부서를 개발하라고 명한다. 어리석은 야심으로 자신의 한계를 넘어가는 것을 금한다.
이 편지에서는 반대로 모든 사람이 자신이 가진 것을 공동의 무더기에 가져와서 각자 따로 자신의 은사를 누리도록 뒤에 숨겨두지 말고, 공통으로 모두의 덕을 세우는 것을 목표로 삼으라고 권면한다. 두 본문 모두 인체의 비유를 사용하지만, 이미 언급했듯이 서로 다른 목적으로. 요점은 이것이다. 은사들이 믿는 자들 사이에 이렇게 다양하게 분배되는 것은 따로따로 사용되기 위해서가 아니라, 그 분배 안에 통일성이 있기 때문이다. 모든 은사의 근원이 한 성령이시고, 모든 사역의 주님이 한 하나님이시며, 모든 능력 행사의 저자이시기 때문이다.
**한 성령** — 이 구절은 성령이라는 이름이 본질적인 것을 의미하는 것이 아니라 단순히 신적 권능의 은사나 활동을 의미한다고 생각하는 광신자들에 맞서 주의 깊게 관찰해야 한다. 그러나 여기서 바울은 분명히 하나님의 본질적 능력이 하나임을 증언하며, 그 능력에서 하나님의 모든 역사가 나온다고 한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-4-4(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
6절 카드 ↗
6. One God that worketh. Where we use the word powers the Greek term is ἐνεργήματα , a term which contains an allusion to the verb worketh, as in Latin effectus (an effect) corresponds with the verb effectus (to effect.) Paul’s meaning is, that although believers may be endowed with different powers, they all take their rise from one and the same power on the part of God. Hence the expression employed here — worketh all things in all — does not refer to the general providence of God, but to the liberality that he exercises towards us, in bestowing upon every one some gift. The sum is this — that there is nothing in mankind that is good or praiseworthy but what comes from God alone. Hence it is out of place here to agitate the question — in what manner God acts in Satan and in reprobates. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-7" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
6. **역사는 여러 가지나** — 여기서 우리가 능력(powers)으로 번역하는 그리스어 용어는 ἐνεργήματα이며, 이것은 "역사하다"(worketh)는 동사와 상응한다. 바울의 의미는, 믿는 자들이 서로 다른 능력들을 받더라도 그 모두가 하나님 편에서의 동일한 능력에서 비롯된다는 것이다. 따라서 여기 사용된 표현, 즉 **모든 것 안에서 모든 것을 역사하신다**는 것은 하나님의 일반적 섭리를 가리키는 것이 아니라, 그분이 모든 사람에게 어떤 은사를 주심으로 우리에게 베푸시는 관대함을 가리킨다. 요약하면, 인간에게 선하고 칭찬받을 만한 것은 오직 하나님에게서만 온다는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-6-6(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
7절 카드 ↗
7. But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man He now points out the purpose for which God has appointed his gifts, for he does not confer them upon us in vain, nor does he intend that they shall serve the purpose of ostentation. Hence we must inquire as to the purpose for which they are conferred. As to this Paul answers — ( with a view to utility) — πρὸς τὸ συμφερον ; that is, that the Church may receive advantage thereby. The manifestation of the Spirit may be taken in a passive as well as in an active sense — in a passive sense, because wherever there is prophecy, or knowledge, or any other gift, the Spirit of God does there manifest himself — in an active sense, because the Spirit of God, when he enriches us with any gift, unlocks his treasures, for the purpose of manifesting to us those things that would otherwise have been concealed and shut up. The second interpretation suits better. The view taken by Chrysostom is rather harsh and forced — that this term is used, (736) because unbelievers do not recognize God, except by visible miracles. (736) “ Que ceci est appele Manifestation : ” — “That this is termed a Manifestation . ” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-8" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
7. **각 사람에게 성령의 나타남을 주심은** — 이제 하나님이 자신의 은사들을 임명하신 목적을 가리킨다. 그분은 그것들을 우리에게 헛되이 주거나 과시의 목적으로 사용하도록 의도하지 않으시기 때문이다. 따라서 어떤 목적으로 주어지는지 물어야 한다. 이에 대해 바울은 답한다. 즉 **유익을 위해**(πρὸς τὸ συμφερον), 즉 교회가 그로써 유익을 받도록.
성령의 나타남은 수동적 의미에서도 능동적 의미에서도 취할 수 있다. 수동적 의미로는, 예언이나 지식이나 다른 어떤 은사가 있는 곳마다 하나님의 영이 거기서 자신을 나타내시기 때문이다. 능동적 의미로는, 하나님의 영이 어떤 은사로 우리를 풍성하게 하실 때 자신의 보물을 열어, 그렇지 않으면 감추어지고 닫혀 있었을 것들을 우리에게 나타내 보이시기 때문이다. 두 번째 해석이 더 적합하다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-7-7(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
8절 카드 ↗
8. To one is given He now subjoins an enumeration, or, in other words, specifies particular kinds — not indeed all of them, but such as are sufficient for his present purpose. “Believers,” says he, “are endowed with different gifts, but let every one acknowledge, that he is indebted for whatever he has to the Spirit of God, for he pours forth his gifts as the sun scatters his rays in every direction. As to the difference between these gifts, knowledge (or understanding) and wisdom are taken in different senses in the Scriptures, but here I take them in the way of less and greater, as in Colossians 2:3 , where they are also joined together, when Paul says, that in Christ are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. Knowledge, therefore, in my opinion, means acquaintance with sacred things — Wisdom, on the other hand, means the perfection of it. Sometimes prudence is put, as it were, in the middle place between these two, and in that case it denotes skill (737) in applying knowledge to some useful purpose. They are, it is true, very nearly allied; but still you observe a difference when they are put together. Let us then take knowledge as meaning ordinary information, and wisdom, as including revelations that are of a more secret and sublime order. (738) The term faith is employed here to mean a special faith, as we shall afterwards see from the context. A special faith is of such a kind as does not apprehend Christ wholly, for redemption, righteousness, and sanctification, but only in so far as miracles are performed in his name. Judas had a faith of this kind, and he wrought miracles too by means of it. Chrysostom distinguishes it in a somewhat different manner, calling it the faith of miracles, not of doctrines. (739) This, however, does not differ much from the interpretation previously mentioned. By the gift of healings (740) every one knows what is meant. As to the workings of powers, or, as some render it, the operations of influences, there is more occasion for doubt. I am inclined, however, to think, that what is meant is the influence which is exercised against devils, and also against hypocrites. When, therefore, Christ and his Apostles by authority restrained devils, or put them to flight, that was ἐνέργημα , (powerful working,) and, in like manner, when Paul smote the sorcerer with blindness, ( Acts 13:11 ,) and when Peter struck Ananias and Sapphira dead upon the spot with a single word. The gifts of healing and of miracles, therefore, serve to manifest the goodness of God, but this last, his severity for the destruction of Satan. (741) By prophecy, I understand the singular and choice endowment of unfolding the secret will of God, so that a Prophet is a messenger, as it were, between God and man. (742) My reason for taking this view will be explained more fully afterwards. The discerning of spirits, was a clearness of perception in forming a judgment as to those who professed to be something . ( Acts 5:36 .) I speak not of that natural wisdom, by which we are regulated in judging. It was a special illumination, with which some were endowed by the gift of God. The use of it was this: that they might not be imposed upon by masks, of mere pretences, (743) but might by that spiritual judgment distinguish, as by a particular mark, the true ministers of Christ from the false. There was a difference between the knowledge of tongues, and the interpretation of them, for those who were endowed with the former were, in many cases, not acquainted with the language of the nation with which they had to deal. The interpreters (744) rendered foreign tongues into the native language. These endowments they did not at that time acquire by labor or study, but were put in possession of them by a wonderful revelation of the Spirit. (745) (737) “ Le sqauoir et la dexterite ;” — “Skill and dexterity.” As to this use of the term prudentia , ( prudence ,) see Cicero de Officiis, 1. 43. — Ed . (738) One of the most satisfactory views of this subject is that of Dr. Henderson in his Lecture on “Divine Inspiration,” (pp. 193,196,) who understands by σοφία , ( wisdom ,) in this passage, “the sublime truths of the gospel, directly revealed to the Apostles, of which the λογος ( word ) was the supernatural ability rightly to communicate them to others;” and by λόγος γνώσεως ( word of knowledge ,) the faculty of “infallibly explaining truths and doctrines which had been previously divulged.” — Ed (739) Chrysostom’s words are: Πίστιν οὐ παύτην λέγει τὴν τῶν δογμάτων ἀλλὰ τὴν τῶν σημείων . “By this faith he means not that of doctrines, but that of miraeles.” — It was called by the schoolmen fides miractelorum ( faith of miracles .) — Ed (740) The plural is made use of, it is manifest, to intimate the number and variety of the diseases that were healed — the Apostles having been invested with power to heal all manner of sickness , and all manner of disease . ( Matthew 10:1 .) — Ed . (741) There does not appear to be sufficient ground for understanding the miracles here referred to as necessarily deeds of terror , while the connection in which the expression occurs seems to intimate, that the miracles here meant were more than ordinarily stupendous manifestations of Divine power, such as would powerfully constrain the beholder to exclaim, This is the finger of God ! Thus, “the resuscitation of the dead, the innocuous handlng of serpents, or drinking of empoisoned liquor, the dispossession of demons, and the infliction of blindness,” as in the case of Elymas, the sorcerer, and of death itself, as in the case of Ananias and Sapphira,. were mighty deeds — to which “no mere created power could possibly pretend, under any circumstances, or by the application of any means whatever.” See Henderson on Inspiration , pp. 203-206. — Ed . (742) “ Apportant la volonte de Dieu aux hommes ;” — “Communicating the will of God to men.” (743) “ Par la montre et belle apparence que les gens ont aucuneffois ;” — “By the show an
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
8. **어떤 사람에게는** — 이제 열거를 덧붙인다. 즉 특수한 종류들을 명시하는데, 전부는 아니고 현재 목적에 충분한 것들만. "믿는 자들은 서로 다른 은사들로 받았다. 그러나 각자 태양이 사방으로 광선을 흩뿌리듯 성령이 그 은사들을 부어주시므로 자신이 가진 것이 무엇이든 하나님의 영에 빚진 것임을 인정하라."
이 은사들의 차이에 대해, 지식(또는 이해)과 지혜는 성경에서 여러 의미로 사용되지만, 여기서는 적은 것과 큰 것의 방식으로 이해한다. 그리스도 안에 지혜와 지식의 모든 보화가 감추어져 있다고 말하는 골로새서 2:3에서도 함께 연결된다. 따라서 지식은 내 생각에 거룩한 것들에 대한 친숙함을 의미하고, 지혜는 그것의 완성을 의미한다. 신중함(prudence)은 두 가지 사이에서 중간 자리에 놓여 지식을 어떤 유용한 목적에 적용하는 기술을 나타내는 경우도 있다.
**믿음**이라는 용어는 여기서 특별한 믿음을 의미하는 것으로 사용된다. 특별한 믿음은 그리스도를 구속과 의와 성화를 위해 전적으로 붙잡지 않고, 그분의 이름으로 기적이 행해지는 한에서만 붙잡는 그런 종류다. 유다도 이런 종류의 믿음을 가지고 있었고 그것으로 기적을 행하기도 했다.
**예언**이란, 내 이해로는, 하나님의 비밀 뜻을 펼치는 탁월하고 탁월한 재능으로, 예언자는 하나님과 인간 사이의 사자(使者)와 같다. **영들을 분별하는 것**은 스스로 무언가인 체하는 자들에 대해 판단을 형성하는 예리한 인식이었다(행 5:36 참조). 이것은 그들이 가면이나 단순한 겉치레에 속지 않고 그 신령한 판단으로 마치 특별한 표시로 구별하듯 그리스도의 참된 사역자들과 거짓된 자들을 구별하기 위한 것이었다. 방언의 은사와 그것의 통역 사이에는 차이가 있었다. 방언의 은사를 받은 자들이 많은 경우에 상대해야 할 나라의 언어를 알지 못했기 때문이다. 통역자들은 외국어를 자국어로 옮겼다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-8-8(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
11절 카드 ↗
11. One and the same spirit distributing. Hence it follows that those act amiss who, having no concern as to participation, break asunder that holy harmony, that is fitly adjusted in all its parts, only when under the guidance of the same Spirit, all conspire toward one and the same object. He again calls the Corinthians to unity, by reminding them that all have derived from one fountain whatever they possess, while he instructs them, at the same time, that no one has so much as to have enough within himself, so as not to require help from others. For this is what he means by these words — distributing to every one severally as he willeth The Spirit of God, therefore, distributes them among us, in order that we may make all contribute to the common advantage. To no one does he give all, lest any one, satisfied with his particular portion, should separate himself from others, and live solely for himself. The same idea is intended in the adverb severally, as it is of great importance to understand accurately that diversity by which God unites us mutually to one another. (746) Now, when will is ascribed to the Spirit, and that, too, in connection with power, we may conclude from this, that the Spirit is truly and properly God. (746) “ Par laquelle Dieu nou conioint et oblige mutuellement les uns aux autres ;” — “By which God connects and binds us mutually to one another.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-12" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
11. **이 모든 일은 같은 한 성령이 행하사** — 따라서 거룩한 조화, 즉 같은 성령의 인도 아래 모두가 하나의 동일한 목표를 향해 협력할 때에만 모든 부분이 적절히 조화를 이루는 그 조화를 깨뜨리는 자들은 잘못 행하는 것이다. 그는 다시 고린도 사람들을 통일성으로 부른다. 모두가 하나의 샘에서 자신이 가진 것을 끌어냈음을 상기시킴으로써. 동시에 아무도 자신 안에 충분한 것을 가져 다른 이들의 도움을 필요로 하지 않을 정도로 많이 가진 것은 아님을 가르친다. 이것이 **각 사람에게 나누어 주시는**이라는 말의 의미다. 따라서 하나님의 영은 우리 모두가 공동의 유익에 기여하도록 그것들을 우리 사이에 분배하신다. 아무도 자신의 몫에 만족하여 다른 이들과 분리되어 오직 자신만을 위해 살지 않도록 아무에게도 모든 것을 주시지 않는다.
**뜻대로**와 **능력**이 성령에 귀속될 때, 이로부터 성령이 참으로 그리고 본질적으로 하나님이심을 결론지을 수 있다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-11-11(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
12절 카드 ↗
12. For as the body is one He now derives a similitude from the human body, which he makes use of also in Romans 12:4 ; but it is for a different purpose, as I have already stated above. In that passage, he exhorts every one to be satisfied with his own calling, and not to invade another’s territory; as ambition, curiosity, or some other disposition, induces many to take in hand more than is expedient. Here, however, he exhorts believers to cleave to each other in a mutual distribution of gifts, as they were not conferred upon them by God that every one should enjoy his own separately, but that one should help another. It is usual, however, for any society of men, or congregation, to be called a body, as one city constitutes a body, and so, in like manner, one senate, and one people. Monenius Agrippa, (747) too, in ancient times, when desirous to conciliate the Roman people, when at variance with the senate, made use of an apologue, not very unlike the doctrine of Paul here. (748) Among Christians, however, the case is very different; for they do not constitute a mere political body, but are the spiritual and mystical body of Christ, as Paul himself afterwards adds. ( 1 Corinthians 12:27 .) The meaning therefore is — “Though the members of the body are various, and have different functions, they are, nevertheless, linked together in such a manner that they coalesce in one. (749) We, accordingly, who are members of Christ, although we are endowed with various gifts, ought, notwithstanding, to have an eye to that connection which we have in Christ.” So also is Christ The name of Christ is used here instead of the Church, because the similitude was intended to apply not to God’s only-begotten Son, but to us. It is a passage that is full of choice consolation, inasmuch as he calls the Church Christ; for Christ (750) confers upon us this honor — that he is willing to be esteemed and recognised, not in himself merely, but also in his members. Hence the same Apostle says elsewhere, ( Ephesians 1:23 ,) that the Church is his completion, (751) as though he would, if separated from his members, be incomplete. And certainly, as Augustine elegantly expresses himself in one part of his writings — “Since we are in Christ a fruit-bearing vine, what are we out of him but dry twigs?” ( John 15:4 .) In this, then, our consolation lies — that, as he and the Father are one, so we are one with him. Hence it is that his name is applied to us. (747) Menenius Agrippa, a Roman consul, on occasion of a rebellion breaking out among the common people against the nobles and senators, whom they represented as useless and cumbersome to the state, was successful in quelling the insurrection, by a happy use of the apologue referred to, founded on the intimate connection and mutual dependence of the different parts of the body. The reader will find this interesting incident related by Livy , Book 2. chapter 32. — Ed . (748) “ En remonstrant que les membres du corps ayans conspire contre le ventre, et se voulans separer d’auec luy s’en trouuerent mal les premiers ;” — “By showing that the members of the body, having conspired against the belly, and wishing to separate from it, were the first to experience the bad effects of this.” (749) “ Ils prenent nourriture et accroissement l’un auec l’autre ;” — “They take nourishment and increase, one with another.” (750) “ Ce bon Seigneur Iesus ;” — “This good Lord Jesus.” (751) Calvin, along with some other interpreters, understands the term, πλήρωμα , ( fullness ,) in the passage referred to, in an active sense. Theophylact observes that the Church is the Πλήρωμα — completion of Christ, as the body and limbs are of the head. The term may, however, be taken in a passive sense, as meaning a thing to be filled or completed . — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-13" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
12. **몸은 하나인데 많은 지체가 있고** — 이제 인체에서 유사함을 이끌어낸다. 로마서 12:4에서도 사용하지만 이미 말했듯 다른 목적으로. 그 본문에서는 모든 사람에게 자신의 소명에 만족하고 다른 이의 영역을 침범하지 말라고 권면한다. 여기서는 믿는 자들에게 서로 은사를 나눔으로써 서로 붙어있으라고 권면한다. 그 은사들이 각자 따로 자신의 것을 누리도록 주어진 것이 아니라 하나가 다른 이를 돕도록 주어졌기 때문이다.
**그리스도가 그러하니라** — 그리스도의 이름이 여기서 교회 대신 사용된다. 비유가 하나님의 독생자에게 적용되려 한 것이 아니라 우리에게 적용되려 한 것이기 때문이다. 이것은 풍부한 위로로 가득 찬 구절이다. 교회를 그리스도라 부르기 때문이다. 그리스도는 우리에게 이 영예를 부여하신다. 즉 그분만이 아니라 그분의 지체들 안에서도 평가받고 인정받기를 기꺼이 하시는 것이다. 따라서 같은 사도는 다른 곳에서 교회를 그리스도의 완전(πλήρωμα)이라 부른다(엡 1:23). 마치 지체들에게서 분리되면 불완전할 것처럼. 따라서 우리의 위로가 여기 있다. 그와 아버지가 하나이듯 우리도 그와 하나라는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-12-12(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
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13. For we are all baptized by one Spirit. Here there is a proof brought forward from the effect of baptism. “We are,” says he, “engrafted by baptism into Christ’s body, so that we are by a mutual link bound together as members, and live one and the same life. Hence every one, that would remain in the Church of Christ, must necessarily cultivate this fellowship.” He speaks, however, of the baptism of believers, which is efficacious through the grace of the Spirit, for, in the case of many, baptism is merely in the letter — the symbol without the reality; but believers, along with the sacrament, receive the reality. Hence, with respect to God, this invariably holds good — that baptism is an engrafting into the body of Christ, for God in that ordinance does not represent anything but what he is prepared to accomplish, provided we are on our part capable of it. The Apostle, also, observes here a most admirable medium, in teaching that the nature of baptism is — to connect us with Christ’s body. Lest any one, however, should imagine, that this is effected by the outward symbol, he adds that it is the work of the Holy Spirit. Whether Jews or Greeks. He specifies these instances, to intimate, that no diversity of condition obstructs that holy unity which he recommends. This clause, too, is added suitably and appropriately, for envy might at that time arise from two sources — because the Jews were not willing that the Gentiles should be put upon a level with them; and, where one had some excellence above others, with the view of maintaining his superiority, lie withdrew himself to a distance from his brethren. We have all drunk in one Spirit. It is literally, “We have drunk into one Spirit,” but it would seem that, in order that the two words ἐν (in) and ἑν (one) might not immediately follow each other, Paul intentionally changed ἐν (in) into ἐις (into,) as he is accustomed frequently to do. Hence his meaning seems rather to be, that we are made to drink through the influence, as he had said before, of the Spirit of Christ, than that we have drunk into the same Spirit. It is uncertain, however, whether he speaks here of Baptism or of the Supper. I am rather inclined, however, to understand him as referring to the Supper, as he makes mention of drinking, for I have no doubt that he intended to make an allusion to the similitude of the sign. There is, however, no correspondence between drinking and baptism. Now, though the cup forms but the half of the Supper, there is no difficulty arising from that, for it is a common thing in Scripture to speak of the sacraments by synecdoche. (752) Thus he mentioned above in the tenth chapter ( 1 Corinthians 10:17 ) simply the bread, making no mention of the cup. The meaning, therefore, will be this — that participation in the cup has an eye to this — that we drink, all of us, of the same cup. For in that ordinance we drink of the life-giving blood of Christ, that we may have life in common with him — which we truly have, when he lives in us by his Spirit. He teaches, therefore, that believers, so soon as they are initiated by the baptism of Christ, are already imbued with a desire of cultivating mutual unity, (753) and then afterwards, when they receive the sacred Supper, they are again conducted by degrees to the same unity, as they are all refreshed at the same time with the same drink. (752) A figure of speech, by which a part is put for the whole. See Quinctilian . ( lnst . 8. 6, 19.) (753) “ Si tost qu’ils sont amenez a Christ par le baptesme, desia leur est donne un goust de l’affection qu’ils doyuent auoir d’entretenir entr’eux unite et conionction naturelie ;” — “So soon as they are brought to Christ by baptism, there is already given to them some taste of the disposition which they ought to have, to maintain among themselves a natural unity and connection.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-15" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
13. **우리가 유대인이나 헬라인이나 종이나 자유인이나 다 한 성령으로 세례를 받아** — 여기서 세례의 효과에서 이끌어낸 증명이 있다. "우리는 세례로 그리스도의 몸에 접붙임을 받아 상호 연결로 지체들로 묶이고 하나의 같은 생명 안에 산다. 따라서 그리스도의 교회에 남아있기를 원하는 모든 이는 이 교제를 반드시 유지해야 한다." 그러나 그는 믿는 자들의 세례에 대해 말하는데, 이것은 성령의 은혜로 효력이 있다. 많은 사람의 경우 세례는 단지 문자로만, 즉 실재 없는 상징으로만 있기 때문이다. 그러나 믿는 자들은 성례와 함께 실재도 받는다. 따라서 하나님의 편에서는 세례가 그리스도의 몸에 접붙임이라는 것이 변함없이 유효하다.
**유대인이나 헬라인이나** — 이 구체적 사례들을 지정하는 것은 어떤 처지의 다양성도 그가 권장하는 거룩한 통일성을 방해하지 않음을 암시하기 위해서다. 이 구절도 적절하게 추가되었다. 당시에 두 가지 원인에서 시기가 생겨날 수 있었기 때문이다. 하나는 유대인들이 이방인들이 자신들과 동등하게 놓이는 것을 원하지 않았기 때문이고, 다른 하나는 다른 이들보다 어떤 탁월함을 가진 곳에서 우월함을 유지하기 위해 형제들에게서 멀리 떨어졌기 때문이다.
**우리가 다 한 성령을 마시게 하셨느니라** — 그는 여기서 성례나 주의 만찬 중 어느 것에 대해 말하는지 불확실하다. 그러나 마심을 언급하므로 주의 만찬을 언급하는 것으로 이해하는 쪽이 더 낫다고 생각한다. 잔은 만찬의 절반에 불과하지만, 성경에서 성례에 대해 제유법(synecdoche)으로 말하는 것이 일반적이어서 어려움이 없다. 따라서 의미는 이것이다. 잔에의 참여는 우리 모두가 같은 잔을 마시는 것을 바라본다는 것이다. 거기서 우리는 그와 함께 생명을 나누도록 그리스도의 생명 주는 피를 마시는데, 그것이 그분이 자신의 영으로 우리 안에 사실 때 참으로 갖는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-13-13(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
15절 카드 ↗
15. This is a bringing out still farther ( ἐπεξεργασία ) of the preceding statement, or in other words, an exposition of it, with some amplification, with the view of placing in a clearer light, what he had previously stated in a few words. Now all this accords with the apologue of Menenius Agrippa. “Should a dissension break out in the body, so that the feet would refuse to discharge their office to the rest of the body, and the belly in like manner, and the eyes, and the hands, what would be the effect? Would not the result be — the destruction of the whole body?” At the same time Paul here insists more particularly on this one point — that each member ought to rest satisfied with its own place and station, and not envy the others, for he institutes a comparison between the more distinguished members, and those that have less dignity. For the eye has a more honorable place in the body than the hand, and the hand than the foot But if our hands were, from a feeling of envy, to refuse to discharge their office, would nature endure this? Would the hand be listened to, when wishing to be separated from the body? To be not of the body, means here — to have no communication with the other members, but to live for itself, and to seek only its own advantage. “Would it then,” says Paul, “be allowable for the hand to refuse to do its office to the other members, on the ground of its bearing envy to the eyes?” These things are said of the natural body, but they must be applied to the members of the Church, lest ambition or misdirected emulation and envy should be the occasion of bad feeling among us, (754) so as to lead one that occupies an inferior station to grudge to afford his services to those above him. (754) “ Nous face restraindre et espargner les vns enuers les autres ;” — “Make us restrict and spare ourselves — one towards another.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-17" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
15. **만일 발이 이르되 나는 손이 아니니 몸에 붙지 아니하였다 할지라도** — 이것은 앞 진술의 더 상세한 전개(ἐπεξεργασία)로, 즉 앞서 몇 마디로 진술한 것을 더 명확하게 놓기 위해 어느 정도 확대하여 설명한 것이다. 이 모든 것이 메네니우스 아그리파의 우화와 일치한다. "만약 몸에 분쟁이 일어나 발이 몸의 나머지 부분을 위해 자신의 직무 수행을 거부하고, 마찬가지로 배와 눈과 손이 그렇게 한다면, 그 결과는 어떻겠는가? 온 몸의 멸망이 아니겠는가?"
동시에 바울은 이 한 가지 점을 특히 강조한다. 즉 각 지체가 자신의 자리와 위치에 만족하고 다른 지체들을 시기하지 말아야 한다는 것이다. 더 영예로운 지체들과 덜 존귀한 지체들 사이에 비교를 도입하기 때문이다. 눈이 손보다 몸에서 더 영예로운 자리를 차지하고, 손이 발보다. 그러나 우리의 손이 시기심에서 다른 지체들을 위한 직무를 거부한다면 자연이 이것을 참겠는가? 몸과 분리되기를 원할 때 손이 들으심을 받겠는가? 몸에 붙지 아니하였다는 것은 여기서 다른 지체들과 교제하지 않고 자신만을 위해 살며 오직 자신의 유익만을 추구하는 것을 의미한다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-15-15(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
17절 카드 ↗
17. If the whole body were an eye He sets aside a foolish aiming at equality, by showing the impossibility of it. “If all the members,” says he, “desire the honor that belongs to the eye, the consequence will be, that the whole body will perish; for it is impossible that the body should remain safe and sound, if the members have not different functions, and a mutual correspondence between them. Hence equality interferes with the welfare of the body, because it produces a confusion that entails present ruin. What madness, then, would it be, should one member, instead of giving way to another, (755) conspire for its own ruin and that of the body!” (755) “ De s’accommoder et soumettre a l’un des autres membres ;” — To accommodate itself, and submit to one of the other members.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-18" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
17. **만일 온 몸이 눈이면 듣는 곳은 어디냐?** — 어리석은 평등 추구를 그 불가능성을 보여줌으로써 제쳐둔다. "만약 모든 지체들이," 그가 말한다, "눈에 속하는 영예를 원한다면, 그 결과는 온 몸이 멸망할 것이다. 지체들이 서로 다른 기능과 상호 조화를 갖지 않으면 몸이 안전하고 건강하게 남아있는 것이 불가능하기 때문이다. 따라서 평등은 몸의 복지를 방해한다. 그것이 즉각적인 파멸을 초래하는 혼란을 만들어내기 때문이다. 그렇다면 한 지체가 다른 지체에 길을 내어주는 대신 자신과 몸의 공통적 파멸을 위해 공모한다면 얼마나 어리석은 일이겠는가!"
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-17-17(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
18절 카드 ↗
18. But now God hath placed. Here we have another argument, taken from the appointment of God. “It has pleased God, that the body should consist of various members, and that the members should be endowed with various offices and gifts. That member, therefore, which will not rest satisfied with its own station, will wage war with God after the manner of the giants. (756) Let us, therefore, be subject to the arrangement which God has appointed, that we may not, to no purpose, resist his will.” (757) (756) “ Comme les poetes ont dit anciennement des geans ;” — “As the poets have told of the giants in ancient times.” The fabled war of the giants with the gods is referred to in Homer’s Odyssey, 7, 59, 206; 10, 120. — Ed . (757) “ De peur de perdre temps, and nous gaster en resistant a la volonte ;” — “Lest we should lose time, and do hurt to ourselves by resisting his will.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-19" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
18. **그러나 이제 하나님이 그 원하시는 대로 지체를 각각 몸에 두셨으니** — 여기서 하나님의 임명에서 취한 또 다른 논증이 있다. "하나님이 몸이 다양한 지체들로 이루어지는 것을, 그리고 지체들이 다양한 직무와 은사로 받는 것을 기뻐하셨다. 따라서 자신의 자리에 만족하지 않으려는 지체는 거인들처럼 하나님과 전쟁을 벌이는 것이다. 따라서 우리가 무익하게 그분의 뜻에 저항하지 않도록 하나님이 임명하신 배치에 복종하자."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-18-18(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
19절 카드 ↗
19. If all were one member He means, that God has not acted at random, or without good reason, in assigning different gifts to the members of the body; but because it was necessary that it should be so, for the preservation of the body; for if this symmetry were taken away, there would be utter confusion and derangement. Hence we ought to submit ourselves the more carefully to the providence of God, which has so suitably arranged everything for our common advantage. One member is taken here to mean a mass, that is all of one shape, and not distinguished by any variety; for if God were to fashion our body into a mass of this kind, it would be a useless heap. (758) (758) “ Un amas de chair inutile ;” — “A heap of useless flesh.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-20" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
19. **만일 다 한 지체뿐이면 몸은 어디냐?** — 하나님이 몸의 지체들에게 서로 다른 은사들을 배분하신 것이 무작위나 좋은 이유 없이 행하신 것이 아님을 의미한다. 몸의 보존을 위해 그렇게 해야 했기 때문이다. 이 대칭성이 제거된다면 완전한 혼란과 무질서가 있을 것이다. 따라서 우리의 공동 유익을 위해 모든 것을 적절히 배치하신 하나님의 섭리에 더욱 조심스럽게 복종해야 한다. 한 지체란 여기서 하나의 덩어리, 즉 모두 한 모양으로 어떤 다양성으로도 구별되지 않는 것을 의미한다. 만약 하나님이 우리 몸을 이런 종류의 덩어리로 만드신다면 그것은 쓸모없는 더미일 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-19-19(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
20절 카드 ↗
20. Many members — one body He repeats this the oftener, because the stress of the whole question lies here — that the unity of the body is of such a nature as cannot be maintained but by a diversity of members; and that, while the members differ from each other in offices and functions, it is in such a way as to have a mutual connection with each other for the preservation of the one body. Hence no body can retain its standing without a diversified symmetry of the members, that we may know to consult public as well as private advantage, by discharging, every one, the duty of his own station. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-21" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
20. **이제 지체는 많으나 몸은 하나라** — 이것을 더 자주 반복하는 것은 전체 문제의 핵심이 여기에 있기 때문이다. 즉 몸의 통일성이 지체들의 다양성 없이는 유지될 수 없는 그런 성격을 가진다는 것이다. 그리고 지체들이 직무와 기능에서 서로 다르지만, 그것은 한 몸의 보존을 위해 서로 상호 연결을 갖는 방식으로 그러하다는 것이다. 따라서 어떤 몸도 지체들의 다양한 대칭성 없이는 유지될 수 없다. 우리가 각자 자신의 자리의 의무를 다함으로써 공공의 유익뿐 아니라 사적 유익을 도모하는 방법을 알도록.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-20-20(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
21절 카드 ↗
21. And the eye cannot say to the hand Hitherto he has been showing, what is the office of the less honorable members — to discharge their duty to the body, and not envy the more distinguished members. Now, on the other hand, he enjoins it upon the more honorable members, not to despise the inferior members, which they cannot dispense with. The eye excels the hand, and yet cannot despise it, or insult over it, as though it were useless; and he draws an argument from utility, to show that it ought to be thus — “Those members, that are less esteemed, are the more necessary: hence, with a view to the safety of the body, they must not be despised.” He makes use of the term weaker here, to mean despised, as in another passage, when he says that he glories in his infirmities, ( 2 Corinthians 12:9 ,) he expresses, under this term, those things which rendered him contemptible and abject. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-23" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
21. **눈이 손더러 내가 너를 쓸 데가 없다 하거나** — 지금까지 덜 영예로운 지체들의 직무를 보여왔다. 즉 몸에 의무를 다하고 더 탁월한 지체들을 시기하지 말라는 것이다. 이제 반대로 더 영예로운 지체들에게 덜 영예로운 지체들 없이는 할 수 없으므로 그들을 경멸하지 말라고 명한다. 눈이 손보다 탁월하지만 쓸모없다고 경멸하거나 모욕할 수 없다. 그는 유용성에서 논증을 이끌어낸다. 이것이 마땅히 그러해야 하는 이유를 보여주기 위해서다. "덜 존중받는 지체들이 더 필요하다. 따라서 몸의 안전을 위해 경멸받아서는 안 된다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-21-21(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
23절 카드 ↗
23. Which are less honorable. Here we have a second argument — that the dishonor of one member turns out to the common disgrace of the whole body, as appears from the care that we take to cover the parts that are less honorable. “Those parts that are comely,” says he, “do not require adventitious ornament; but the parts that involve shame, or are less comely, are cared for by us with greater concern. Why so? but because their shame would be the common disgrace of the whole body.” To invest with honor is to put on a covering for the sake of ornament, in order that those members may be honorably concealed, which would involve shame if uncovered. (759) (759) It is observed by Raphelius , that τιμὴν περιτιθέναι “signifies, in general, ( honorem exhibere ,) to give honor ; but in this passage, by a metonymy, to cover over with a garment those members of the body which, if seen, would have a disagreeable and unseemly appearance; and this is a kind of honor put upon them.” — Ed return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-24" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
23. **덜 귀하게 여기는 지체에게** — 여기서 두 번째 논증이 있다. 한 지체의 불명예가 온 몸의 공동 수치가 된다는 것이다. 덜 영예로운 부분들을 덮기 위해 우리가 기울이는 주의에서 드러나듯. "모양이 좋은 부분들은 외적 장식을 필요로 하지 않는다. 그러나 수치스럽거나 덜 아름다운 부분들은 우리가 더 큰 관심으로 돌본다. 왜인가? 그것들의 수치가 온 몸의 공동 불명예가 되기 때문이다." 영예를 입힌다는 것은 덮개를 씌우는 것이다. 드러나면 수치가 될 지체들이 영예롭게 감추어지도록.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-23-23(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
24절 카드 ↗
24. But God hath tempered the body together He again repeats, what he had stated once before, ( 1 Corinthians 12:18 ,) but more explicitly, — that God has appointed this symmetry, and that with a view to the advantage of the whole body, because it cannot otherwise maintain its standing. “For whence comes it, that all the members are of their own accord concerned for the honor of a less comely member, and agree together to conceal its shame? This inclination has been implanted in them by God, because without this adjustment a schism in the body would quickly break out. Hence it appears that the body is not merely shattered, and the order of nature perverted, but the authority of God is openly set at naught, whenever any one assumes more than belongs to him.” (760) (760) “ Et que ne porte sa vocation ;” — “And does not keep within his calling.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-26" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
24. **하나님이 몸을 고르게 하여** — 앞서 한 번 진술한 것을(고전 12:18) 다시 반복하지만 더 명시적으로. 즉 하나님이 이 대칭성을 임명하셨으며 온 몸의 유익을 위해 그렇게 하셨다는 것이다. 그렇지 않으면 유지될 수 없기 때문이다. "모든 지체들이 자발적으로 덜 아름다운 지체의 영예를 위해 관심을 가지고 그 수치를 덮기로 함께 동의하는 것이 어디서 오는가? 이 성향이 하나님이 그들 안에 심어 놓으신 것이다. 이 조화 없이는 몸에서 분열이 금방 터질 것이기 때문이다."
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-24-24(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
26절 카드 ↗
26. Whether one member suffers “Such a measure of fellow-feeling.” ( συμπάθεια ,) (761) says he, “is to be seen in the human body, that, if any inconvenience is felt by any member, all the others grieve along with it, and, on the other hand, rejoice along with it, in its prosperity. Hence there is no room there for envy or contempt.” To be honored, here, is taken in a large sense, as meaning, to be in prosperity and happiness. Nothing, however, is better fitted to promote harmony than this community of interest, when every one feels that, by the prosperity of others, he is proportionally enriched, and, by their penury, impoverished. (761) The term is made use of in this sense by classical authors. Polyb. 22, 11, 12. See Calvin’s Harmony , vol. 2, p. 232. — Ed . return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-27" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
26. **만일 한 지체가 고통을 받으면 모든 지체가 함께 고통을 받고** — "인체에서 이런 공감(συμπάθεια)이 나타난다. 어떤 지체에 어떤 불편이 느껴지면 다른 모든 지체들이 함께 슬퍼하고, 반대로 번영에 함께 기뻐한다. 따라서 거기서 시기나 경멸의 여지가 없다." 영예를 받는다는 것은 여기서 번성하고 행복한 상태에 있다는 넓은 의미로 사용된다. 그러나 이 공동의 이익보다 조화를 증진시키는 데 더 적합한 것은 없다. 모든 이가 다른 이들의 번영으로 비례하여 자신이 풍성해지고 그들의 빈궁으로 궁핍해진다고 느낄 때.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-26-26(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
27절 카드 ↗
27. But ye are the body of Christ Hence what has been said respecting the nature and condition of the human body must be applied to us; for we are not a mere civil society, but, being ingrafted into Christ’s body, are truly members one of another. Whatever, therefore, any one of us has, let him know that it has been given him for the edification of his brethren in common; and let him, accordingly, bring it forward, and not keep it back — buried, as it were, within himself, or make use of it as his own. Let not the man, who is endowed with superior gifts, be puffed up with pride, and despise others; but let him consider that there is nothing so diminutive as to be of no use — as, in truth, even the least among the pious brings forth fruit, according to his slender capacity, so that there is no useless member in the Church. Let not those who are not endowed with so much honor, envy those above them, or refuse to do their duty to them, but let them maintain the station in which they have been placed. Let there be mutual affection, mutual fellow-feeling, ( συμπάθεια ,) mutual concern. Let us have a regard to the common advantage, in order that we may not destroy the Church by malignity, or envy, or pride, or any disagreement; but may, on the contrary, every one of us, strive to the utmost of his power to preserve it. Here is a large subject, and a magnificent one; (762) but I content myself with having pointed out the way in which the above similitude must be applied to the Church. Members severally. Chrysostom is of opinion, that this clause is added, because the Corinthians were not the universal Church; but this appears to me rather forced. (763) I have sometimes thought that it was expressive of impropriety, as the Latins say Quodammodo , (764) (in a manner.) (765) When, however, I view the whole matter more narrowly, I am rather disposed to refer it to that division of members of which he had made mention. They are then members severally, according as each one has had his portion and definite work assigned him. The context itself leads us to this meaning. In this way severally, and as a whole, will be opposite terms. (762) “ Voyci vne belie matiere riche et abondante ;” — “Here is a fine subject, rich and copious.” (763) It is remarked by Billroth , that “the view of Chrysostom is out of place; for such a notion does not pertain to the argumentation of the Apostle.” Biblical Cabinet, No. 22. — Ed . (764) An instance of this will be found in Cicero de Amicitia , 8. — Ed . (765) “ Comme nous disons en Langue vulgaire, Aucunement ;” — “As we say, in common language — In a manner.” return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-28" class="com-number"
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27. **너희는 그리스도의 몸이요 지체의 각 부분이라** — 따라서 인체의 본성과 상태에 관해 말해진 것이 우리에게 적용되어야 한다. 우리가 단순한 시민 사회가 아니라 그리스도의 몸에 접붙임을 받아 참으로 서로 지체들이기 때문이다. 따라서 우리 중 누구든지 자신이 가진 것이 무엇이든, 형제들의 공동 덕을 세우기 위해 주어진 것임을 알게 하라. 따라서 자신 안에 매장하거나 자신의 것으로 사용하지 말고 앞으로 가져와라. 더 뛰어난 은사를 받은 사람은 교만으로 우쭐해지지 말고 다른 이들을 경멸하지 말라. 아무리 사소한 것도 쓸모없는 것이 없음을 생각하라. 사실상 경건한 자들 중 가장 작은 자도 자신의 작은 역량에 따라 열매를 맺으므로 교회에 쓸모없는 지체가 없다.
그다지 영예를 받지 못한 자들은 자신보다 위에 있는 자들을 시기하거나 그들에게 의무를 다하기를 거부하지 말고, 자신이 놓인 자리를 유지하라. 상호 애정, 상호 공감(συμπάθεια), 상호 관심이 있게 하라. 공동의 유익을 바라보자. 우리가 악의나 시기나 교만이나 어떤 불화로 교회를 파괴하지 않고, 반대로 우리 각자가 자신의 힘이 미치는 한 그것을 보존하려 힘쓰도록.
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commentary-section/cal-1co-12-27-27(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
28절 카드 ↗
He has in the beginning of the chapter spoken of gifts: now he begins to treat of offices, and this order it is proper that we should carefully observe. For the Lord did not appoint ministers, without first endowing them with the requisite gifts, and qualifying them for discharging their duty. Hence we must infer, that those are fanatics, and actuated by an evil spirit, who intrude themselves into the Church, while destitute of the necessary qualifications, as many boast that they are under the influence of the Spirit, and glory in a secret call from God, while in the meantime they are unlearned and utterly ignorant. The natural order, on the other hand, is this — that gifts come before the office to be discharged. As, then, he has taught above, that everything that an individual has received from God, should be made subservient to the common good, so now he declares that offices are distributed in such a manner, that all may together, by united efforts, edify the Church, and each individual according to his measure. (767) 28. First, Apostles He does not enumerate all the particular kinds, and there was no need of this, for he merely intended to bring forward some examples. In the fourth Chapter of the Epistle to the Ephesians, ( Ephesians 4:11 ,) there is a fuller enumeration of the offices, that are required for the continued government of the Church. The reason of this I shall assign there, if the Lord shall permit me to advance so far, though even there he does not make mention of them all. As to the passage before us, we must observe, that of the offices which Paul makes mention of, some are perpetual, others temporary. Those that are perpetual, are such as are necessary for the government of the Church; those that are temporary, are such as were appointed at the beginning for the founding of the Church, and the raising up of Christ’s kingdom; and these, in a short time afterwards, ceased. To the first class belongs the office of Teacher, to the second the office of Apostle; for the Lord created the Apostles, that they might spread the gospel throughout the whole world, and he did not assign to each of them certain limits or parishes, but would have them, wherever they went, to discharge the office of ambassadors among all nations and languages. In this respect there is a difference between them and Pastors, who are, in a manner, tied to their particular churches. For the Pastor has not a commission to preach the gospel over the whole world, but to take care of the Church that has been committed to his charge. In his Epistle to the Ephesians he places Evangelists after the Apostles, but here he passes them over; for from the highest order, he passes immediately to Prophets By this term he means, (in my opinion,) not those who were endowed with the gift of prophesying, but those who were endowed with a peculiar gift, not merely for interpreting Scripture, but also for applying it wisely for present use. (768) My reason for thinking so is this, that he prefers prophecy to all other gifts, on the ground of its yielding more edification — a commendation that would not be applicable to the predicting of future events. Farther, when he describes the office of Prophet , or at least treats of what he ought principally to do, he says that he must devote himself to consolation, exhortation, and doctrine. Now these are things that are distinct from prophesyings. (769) Let us, then, by Prophets in this passage understand, first of all, eminent interpreters of Scripture, and farther, persons who are endowed with no common wisdom and dexterity in taking a right view of the present necessity of the Church, that they may speak suitably to it, and in this way be, in a manner, ambassadors to communicate the divine will. Between them and Teachers this difference may be pointed out, that the office of Teacher consists in taking care that sound doctrines be maintained and propagated, in order that the purity of religion may be kept up in the Church. At the same time, even this term is taken in different senses, and here perhaps it is used rather in the sense of Pastor, unless you prefer, it may be, to take it in a general way for all that are endowed with the gift of teaching, as in Acts 13:1 , where also Luke conjoins them with Prophets. My reason for not agreeing with those who make the whole of the office of Prophet consist in the interpretation of Scripture, is this — that Paul restricts the number of those who ought to speak, to two or three; ( 1 Corinthians 14:29 ,) which would not accord with a bare interpretation of Scripture. In fine, my opinion is this — that the Prophets here spoken of are those who make known the will of God, by applying with dexterity and skill prophecies, threatenings, promises, and the whole doctrine of Scripture, to the present use of the Church. If any one is of a different opinion, I have no objection to his being so, and will not raise any quarrel on that account. For it is difficult to form a judgment as to gifts and offices of which the Church has been so long deprived, excepting only that there are some traces, or shadows of them still to be seen. As to powers and gift of healings , I have spoken when commenting on the 12th Chapter of the Romans. Only it must be observed that here he makes mention, not so much of the gifts themselves, as of the administration of them. As the Apostle is here enumerating offices, I do not approve of what Chrysostom says, that ἀντιλήψεις , that is, helps or aids , consist in supporting the weak. What is it then? Undoubtedly, it is either an office, as well as gift, that was exercised in ancient times, but of which we have at this day no knowledge whatever; or it is connected with the office of Deacon, or in other words, the care of the poor; and this latter idea pleases me better. (770) In Romans 12:7 , he makes mention of two kinds of deacons. Of these I have treated when commenting upon that passage. By Governments I understand Elde
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
28. **하나님이 교회 중에 몇을 세우셨으니** — 장의 초두에 은사들에 대해 말했다. 이제 직분들을 다루기 시작한다. 이 순서를 주의 깊게 관찰하는 것이 적절하다. 주님은 사역자들을 임명하시기 전에 먼저 필요한 은사들로 그들을 갖추시고 직무 수행을 위한 자격을 주신다. 따라서 필요한 자격이 없으면서 교회에 침입하는 자들은 광신자들이며 악한 영에 의해 움직이는 자들이라고 결론지어야 한다. 많은 자들이 성령의 영향 아래 있다고 자랑하고 하나님의 비밀한 부르심을 자랑하면서 동시에 무식하고 완전히 무지하다. 자연스러운 순서는 반대다. 은사가 직무보다 앞선다.
따라서 그가 위에서 각자가 하나님에게서 받은 것이 공동선에 봉사해야 한다고 가르쳤듯이, 이제 직분들도 모두가 함께 교회를 세우도록 분배된다고 선언한다. 각자는 자신의 분량에 따라.
**첫째는 사도요** — 모든 특수한 종류를 열거하지 않는다. 그럴 필요가 없었기 때문이다. 단지 몇 가지 예를 들 의도였다. 그가 언급하는 직분들 중 어떤 것은 영구적이고 어떤 것은 임시적이다. 영구적인 것들은 교회 통치에 필요한 것들이고, 임시적인 것들은 교회 창설과 그리스도의 나라 건설을 위해 처음에 임명되었다가 얼마 후 중단된 것들이다.
전자에는 교사(Teacher)의 직분이 속하고, 후자에는 사도의 직분이 속한다. 주님은 복음을 온 세상에 전하도록 사도들을 세우셨고 각자에게 특정 지역이나 교구를 할당하지 않으시고 그들이 가는 곳마다 모든 나라와 언어에서 대사의 직분을 수행하게 하셨다. 이 점에서 특정 교회에 어떤 의미에서 묶여 있는 목사들과 차이가 있다.
**예언자들**이란 용어로 그는 내 생각에, 예언하는 은사를 받은 자들이 아니라 성경을 해석하는 특별한 은사뿐 아니라 현재 필요에 맞게 현명하게 적용하는 은사를 받은 자들을 의미한다. 그 이유는 그가 예언을 더 많은 덕을 세운다는 이유로 다른 모든 은사보다 위에 놓기 때문이다. 이 칭찬은 미래 사건을 예언하는 것에는 적용될 수 없을 것이다. 따라서 이 구절에서 예언자들을 우선 성경의 탁월한 해석자들로, 그다음 현재 교회의 필요를 올바르게 바라보고 그것에 적합하게 말하여 어떤 의미에서 신적 뜻을 전달하는 사자가 될 만한 보통이 아닌 지혜와 능숙함을 받은 자들로 이해하자.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-28-28(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
29절 카드 ↗
29. Are all Apostles ? It may indeed have happened, that one individual was endowed with many gifts, and sustained two of the offices which he has enumerated; nor was there in this any inconsistency. Paul’s object, however, is to show in the first place, that no one has such a fullness in everything as to have a sufficiency within himself, and not require the aid of others; and secondly, that offices as well as gifts are distributed in such a manner that no one member constitutes the whole body, but each contributing his portion to the common advantage, they then altogether constitute an entire and perfect body. For Paul means here to take away every occasion of proud boasting, base envyings, haughtiness, and contempt of the brethren, malignity, ambition, and everything of that nature. return to ' Top of Page ' <a name="verse-31" class="com-number"
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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
29. **다 사도이겠느냐?** — 한 사람이 많은 은사를 받아 그가 열거한 두 직분을 감당하는 일이 있을 수 있으며 이것에 어떤 불일치도 없었다. 그러나 바울의 목적은 첫째로, 아무도 모든 면에서 충분함을 가져 다른 이들의 도움을 필요로 하지 않을 만큼 충분함을 자신 안에 가지지 못했음을 보여주는 것이다. 둘째로, 직분들도 은사들처럼 어떤 한 지체도 온 몸을 이루지 않고 각자 자신의 몫을 공동 유익에 기여함으로써 함께 완전한 온전한 몸을 이루도록 분배된다는 것이다. 바울이 여기서 교만한 자랑, 비열한 시기, 오만, 형제들에 대한 경멸, 악의, 야심, 그리고 그런 모든 것의 모든 기회를 빼앗으려 한다는 의미다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-29-29(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역
31절 카드 ↗
31. Seek after the more excellent gifts. It might also be rendered — Value highly ; and it would not suit in with the passage, though it makes little difference as to the meaning; for Paul exhorts the Corinthians to esteem and desire those gifts especially, which are most conducive to edification. For this fault prevailed among them — that they aimed at show, rather than usefulness. Hence prophecy was neglected, while languages sounded forth among them, with great show, indeed, but with little profit. He does not, however, address individuals, as though he wished that every one should aspire at prophecy, or the office of teacher; but simply recommends to them a desire to promote edification, that they may apply themselves the more diligently to those things that are most conducive to edification. return to ' Top of Page ' 1 Corinthians 1Co 11 1 Corinthians 1Co 1 Corinthians 1Co 13 Footnotes: Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliographical Information Calvin, John. "Commentary on 1 Corinthians 12". 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source-manifest/cal— Calvin's Commentaries (PD)- evidence_grade: T_theological
31. **더욱 큰 은사를 사모하라** — 또한 **높이 평가하라**고도 번역될 수 있다. 의미 면에서는 큰 차이가 없다. 바울은 고린도 사람들에게 특히 덕을 세우는 데 가장 도움이 되는 은사들을 소중히 여기고 바라라고 권면한다. 고린도 사람들 사이에 이 잘못이 만연했기 때문이다. 즉 그들이 유용성보다 과시를 목표로 삼았다. 따라서 예언은 소홀히 여겨지고, 방언이 그들 사이에서 큰 과시로 울려 퍼졌지만 유익은 거의 없었다. 그러나 그는 개인들에게 모두가 예언이나 교사의 직분을 열망해야 한다는 듯이 말하는 것이 아니라, 단순히 덕을 세우려는 욕구를 권장하여 덕을 세우는 데 가장 도움이 되는 것들에 더욱 부지런히 힘쓰게 하는 것이다.
원주석
- 번역원본
commentary-section/cal-1co-12-31-31(Calvin, PD) - CC0-1.0 · Sonnet 번역